ZOOLOGY 651 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Linkage Disequilibrium, Phylogeography, Allele Frequency
17 Nov 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Document Summary
Kinds of genetic variation - discrete traits classical, within-populations: visible markers, like snail shell color polymorphisms. Molecular variation enzyme and dna markers continuous. Presumed to be due to the cumulative actions of many genes of small effect. Heritability is a measure of its genetic component: Measure and describe genetic variation using various methods: blood groups, mhc loci, organ typing, etc. protein variation - isozymes. Number of alleles at a locus - n. Heterozygosity - he and ho allele frequency - p. Gene diversity - d linkage disequilibrium - among populations: subdivision: f-st or g-st. Geographic variation allele frequencies often vary in a cline not all isozyme variation is neutral shifts in allele frequency related to levels of salinity studies of how genetically distinct clades are distributed geographically phylogeography. How we use molecular genetic data to compare and identify genetic units in nature like: varieties, ecotypes, and sub-species evolutionary significant units species relationships among species.
