ANTH 103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Consolidated Laws Of New York, Population Control, Social Stratification
Document Summary
With the development of simple cultivation/horticulture, leadership is often achieved. Political groups remain completely kin-based in forest hunter-gatherers. Ways that centralized governments or people in positions of power can control subordinates include: shame, hegemony, and laws. Pastoralism: herders of domesticated animals like cattle, sheep, goats, camels, and yaks. Nomads must interact with a variety of groups, unlike most sedentary societies. Powerful chiefs found in nomadic groups with large populations. Agriculture: more labor intensive than horticulture; uses land intensively and continuously. Agricultural economies have regulatory issues: central governments develop to solve. Chiefdoms: a kin-based society with inequality and permanent political structure. Office: permanent position that must be refilled when vacated by death or retirement. Chiefs play an important role in production, distribution and consumption of resources. All members in a chiefdom are believed to have descended from a group of common ancestors. The closer the chief is related to the founding ancestors, the greater his prestige.
