PHIS 206 Lecture Notes - Lecture 32: Zona Fasciculata, Zona Glomerulosa, Zona Reticularis
2 May 2018
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Lecture 32: Adrenal Hormones and Glucose Control
Adrenal Glands
• Adrenal Gland Anatomy
o Composed of an outer cortex with three layers:
▪ Zona Glomerulosa
▪ Zona Fasciculata
▪ Zona Reticularis
o And an inner layer known as the medulla
Adrenal Hormones
• Cortex
o Produces steroid-based adrenocortical hormones:
▪ Glucocorticoids from zona fasciculata
▪ Mineralocorticoid from zona glomerulosa
▪ Adrenal sex hormones from zona reticularis
• Medulla
o Produces catecholamine hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine → not steroid
hormones
Steroid Hormones
• Steroidogenesis
o All based on cholesterol
• Enzymes
o Enzymes to make specific products are localized to regions of adrenal gland, or
other glands
Mineralocorticoid Hormones
• Aldosterone → can’t live without
o Chief mineralocorticoid in humans
• Function of Aldosterone
o Sodium retention
o Potassium excretion
• Aldosterone Secretion
o Controlled by RAA (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone) system in response to low
blood pressure
• Disorders
o Hyperaldosteronism → elevated sodium levels, low potassium levels, high BP
o Hypoaldosteronism → low BP (aldosterone is essential for life)
• Black licorice has something that mimics aldosterone → not good for you
Glucocorticoid Hormones
• Cortisol
o Chief glucocorticoid in humans
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Document Summary
Adrenal glands: adrenal gland anatomy, composed of an outer cortex with three layers, zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis, and an inner layer known as the medulla. Adrenal hormones: cortex, produces steroid-based adrenocortical hormones, glucocorticoids from zona fasciculata, mineralocorticoid from zona glomerulosa, adrenal sex hormones from zona reticularis, medulla, produces catecholamine hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine not steroid hormones. Steroid hormones: steroidogenesis, all based on cholesterol, enzymes, enzymes to make specific products are localized to regions of adrenal gland, or other glands. Glucocorticoid hormones: cortisol, chief glucocorticoid in humans, functions of cortisol, fuel liberation to aid in stressful situations, anti-inflammation. Immunosuppression: cortisol secretion, hypothalamic-pituitary axis, disorders, hypersecretion cushing"s syndrome, hyposecretion addison"s disease. Interplay between the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system is prominent during stress: two main goals, 1. Cushing"s: hypercortisolism, changes in fat deposition, high bp, high blood sugar, fatigue, muscle wasting.
