KINE 304 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Central Nervous System, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nervous System

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2 Mar 2017

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Nervous system can be categorized as: voluntary, autonomic. Also categorized as: central nervous system (cns, peripheral nervous system (pns) outside of spinal cord/ rest of body. Neuron is a single nerve cell, specialized for communication; nerve is a bunch of neurons. Neurons functions is to generate electrical impulses which can be carried to other excitable cells (exp: muscle) Spinal column0 bones (vertebrae, spinal cord- neural cord connected to brain) Typical neuron consist of: dendrites- receive info, cell body (soma)- carries out normal cellular activities, axon (nerve fiber)- carries info toward other excitable cells. * conduction vs. transconduction of messages: conduction along the length of that neuron (within) transconduction pass to a neighboring cell across synapse. Neuron types: bipolar (interneuron, spinal cord, unipolar (sensory neuron, just outside spinal cord, multipolar (motor neurons, pyramidal cell- hypothalamus. Synapse interface between one excitable cell and another. Signal transduced from pre-synaptic neuron to post synaptic cell by neurotransmitter.

Related Questions

Nerve cells that conduct messages are called (1) ____. (2) _____ cells, which support and nurture the activities of neurons, make up less than half the volume of the nervous system. (3) _______ neurons respond to specific kinds of environmental stimuli, (4) ______ connect different neurons in the spinal cord and brain, and (5) ______ neurons are linked with muscles or glands. All neurons have a (6) _______ ________ that contains the nucleus and the metabolic means to carry out protein synthesis. (7) _______ are short, slender extensions of the (6), and together these two neuronal parts are the neuronsâ âinput zoneâ for receiving (8) _____. The (9) _____ is a single long, cylindrical extension away form the (10) ______; in motor neurons, the (11) ______ has finely branched (12) ________ that terminate on muscle or gland cells and are âoutput zones,â where messages are sent on to other cells. A neuron at rest establishes unequal electric charges across its plasma membrane, and a(n) (13) ____ ____ is maintained. Another name for (13) is the (14) _____ _____ _____; it represents an ability for the membrane to be disturbed. Weak disturbances of the neuronal membrane might set off only slight changes across a small patch, but strong disturbances can cause a(n) (15) _______ ______, which is an abrupt, short-lived reversal in the polarity of charge across the plasma membrane of the neuron. For a fraction of a second, the cytoplasmic side of a bit of membrane becomes positive with respect to the outside. The (16) ______ that travels along the neural membrane is nothing more than short-lived changes in the membrane potential. A. Neurons H. Sensory B. Motor I. Endings C. Interneurons J. Disturbance D. Cell body K. Signals (stimuli) E. Axon L. Voltage differential F. Dendrites M. Resting membrane potential G. Neuroglial N. Action potential

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KINE 304 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Central Nervous System, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nervous System

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