Biology And Biomedical Sciences BIOL 2960 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Phagosome, Nuclear Membrane, Peptidoglycan
11 Apr 2016
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1-10 micrometers (vs. eukaryotic cells are 10-100 micrometers) Unicellular, but may form chains/small clusters; some occur in large clusters of hundreds. All have same basic structure: enclosed by plasma membrane, nucleoid (region) instead of nucleus, cytoplasm: made of cytosol (liquid, mostly water w/ dissolved ions, small molecules, & soluble macromolecules like proteins) & many insoluble materials, mostly ribosomes (~25 nm) Structurally & functionally more complex than prokaryotes. Membrane bound organelles that have specific roles based on dif chem rxns inside organelles. Organelles and structures can be studied w/ light microscope, electron microscope, cell fractionation (like w/ centrifuge: heavier particles sediment at lower speeds than lighter particles, so can adjust speed to purify dif. cellular organelles. Ribosomes bigger than those of prokaryotes: ~25 nm. Nucleus is largest organelle (excluding vacuole in plants: ~5 micrometers, double membrane, contains dna, replication occurs, gene transcription (de)activation, contains nucleolus & nucleoplasm (liquid content & insoluble molecules, surrounded by nuclear envelope.
