L07 Chem 481 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Idh2, Glutathione Reductase, Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
15 Apr 2017
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Protein kinase a phosphorylates o-phosphorylase kinase b to m-phosphorylase kinase a. Protein kinase a (4 subunits r2c2)gets activated by 4camp added to the inactive pka. Active pka is only 2c subunits and r2(camp)4 is the other part. When [camp] goes down, the 2c and 2r subunits recombine. 4atp -> 4 adp (all coefficients on pic should be 4 not 2) This is the opposite of regulation method of phosphorylase because it does the opposite thing. 1 hormone -> activate hundreds of e to e1-p -> activates hundreds of more enzymes e2-p. Enzymes are highly specific and nadh & nadph (cannot be used interchangeably) [nad+]/[nadh] = ~1000 favors: nad+ -> nadh (direction for tca cycle and glycolysis) [nadp+]/[nadph] = ~0. 01 favors: nadph -> nadp+ (direction for making lipids, steroids, and cholesterol) Reducing metabolites: generates a lot of nadph (can be done by idh1 and idh2, biosynthesis (fatty acids, cholesterol, steroids) a. i) a. ii) a. iii)
