CHM136H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Cycloalkane, Cyclobutene, Sigma Bond
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CHM136H1 Full Course Notes
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The parent number of ring carbons is the cycloalkane unit. If the longest carbon chain is not the ring it is a cycloalkyl group. Number the substituents with the lowest possible numbers. 6 carbon ring, with 2 methyl groups on 1 and 3 vs on 1 and 5: therefore you choose 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane. Cycloalkanes are less flexible than open-chain alkanes: because they are in a ring, there is less rotation and movement, a sigma bond in a chain allows rotation around that bond. Stereoisomers are compounds having the same atom connectivity but different 3d atomic arrangements in space e. g. a carbon hydrogen bond in isomers may point in different directions. On the left two methyl groups are pointing in the same direction (up) If two substituents are pointing in the same direction it is called cis- . On the right two methyl groups are pointing in different directions: two substituents pointing in different directions are called trans- .
