HLTC25H3 Lecture Notes - Bacterial Adhesin, Reverse Transcriptase, Neutrophil

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24 Apr 2022

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Vary from proteins to parasites/viruses to free-living organisms to complex organisms. Think about how complex our immune responses have to be. Bacteria have been created to carry a lot of information to evade host immune responses. Viruses do not have a lot of genetic material (compared to bacteria), bare-minimum to get into and out of a cell. Entry through gi tract, mucous membranes, skin abrasions, and subsequent escape from protective mechanism of body (phagocytes, enzymes in mouth, acid of stomach) Must be able to get through the epithelial layer (e. g. , skin, alveoli in lungs, etc. ) to initiate the infectious process. Specialized structures (pili/fimbriae) or surface secreted molecules allow bacteria to adhere to host cells. Enzymes (collagenase and hyaluronidase) degrade components of extracellular matrix. Some bacteria secrete invasins (category of tricks that the bacteria will use to invade the host cell) that trigger endocytosis of the bacteria.

Related Questions

Comparing Bacterial and Viral Pathogenesis

INSTRUCTIONS:

Pathogenesis involves establishing infection, invading a host, avoiding host defenses, and damaging the host. In the table below describe one mechanism of different types of microbes accomplishes each step. I completed one box to give you a sense of the kinds of answers I am looking for.

	*Bacteria*	*Viruses*
*Establish* *Infection*	*EXAMPLE:* Bacteria have pili with adhesins that bind to receptors on host cells. This help bacteria adhere to the surface of host cells.
*Invade* *The Host*
*Avoid* *Host Defenses*
*Damage* *To the Host*

taupefox923

An individual is deficient in the complement component C3. Describe the consequences of this deficiency for each of the following:

What is the specific role of C3 in the following processes:

1. activation of the membrane-attack complex (MAC)

2. phagocytosis of pathogens

3. clearance of immune complexes

4. presentation of antigenic peptides from infectious bacteria

1- The drug chloroquine raises the pH of endosomes, How willthis affect antigen processing and presentation by class IIMHC?

2- A common approach to vaccine development has been the use ofa viral vector such as vaccinia virus to carry genetic informationof a pathogen into an individual. The vaccinia virus infection(which does not cause disease in most individuals) would then leadto production of proteins from the pathogen and an immune response.Such an approach has been very successful for viruses but has notbeen successful for most bacterial infections. Why?

3- The pathogen Listeria monocytogenes enters cellsthrough phagocytosis but escapes from the phagosome before it isdestroyed. Would patients who are deficient in class I MHC bebetter or worse hosts for this pathogen than normal individuals?Why?

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HLTC25H3 Lecture Notes - Bacterial Adhesin, Reverse Transcriptase, Neutrophil

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