KINE 150 Lecture Notes - Hemoglobin, Anemia

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bellahosang

1 Jun 2022

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W&M

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Kinesiology Activity

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KINE 150

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Hemoglobin is a substance in red blood cells that makes it possible for blood to transport (carry) oxygen throughout the body. > hemoglobin is what gives red blood cells their color. Anemia is a blood disorder that occurs when there is not enough hemoglobin in a person"s blood. When a person develops anemia, he or she is said to be "anemic. " Some types cause only mild health problems, while others are much more severe. A lack of iron in the body is the most common cause of anemia. If you don"t get enough iron, your body cannot make hemoglobin.

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A common treatment for sickle cell anemia (a condition that alters hemoglobin and decreases its affinity for oxygen, along with other problem to the cells structure) is to take hydroxycarbamide. It appears that while taking this drug a number of cellular evens occur that lead to fetal hemoglobin now being express and found in Red blood cells. Explain how might this help a person suffering from sickle cell anemia (anemia = red blood cells do not carry enough oxygen to the rest of the body)?

The solution on the left was made by dissolving several drops of blood in some water. The solution on the right was made the same way except that a small amount of HCl was also added to this tube. Based on your general knowledge about the color of blood and the information in question 3, propose an explanation for what happened.

Question 3: . The ability of hemoglobin (Hb) to carry oxygen throughout the body as oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) is dependent on the pH of the blood. What effect would acidosis have on the ability of a patient to transport oxygen? HbH+ + O2 HbO2 + H+. The ability of hemoglobin (Hb) to carry oxygen throughout the body as oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) is dependent on the pH of the blood. What effect would acidosis have on the ability of a patient to transport oxygen? HbH+ + O2 HbO2 + H+

Normal adult hemoglobin is called Hemoglobin A (Hb A). Ninety-eight percent of adult hemoglobin is Hb A and 2% is Hb A2. There are other forms of hemoglobin. For example, the developing fetus has a different kind of hemoglobin than most normal adults. Fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) is synthesized beginning at the third month of gestation and continues up through birth. After the neonate is born, hemoglobin F synthesis declines (because synthesis of the (chain declines) and hemoglobin A is synthesized. By the time the baby is six months old, 98% of its hemoglobin is Hemoglobin A. There is also a mutant form of hemoglobin called Hemoglobin S, which is found in persons with the disease sickle cell anemia. The disease sickle cell anemia is one of the major health problems facing the African-American community. The World Health Organization estimates that 250,000 babies world wide are born with sickle cell anemia. Currently there is no cure. A person afflicted with sickle cell anemia has inherited a defective gene from each parent. The defective gene is the one coding for the Î²-chain. The amino acid at position 6 on each Î² chain has been mutated from a glutamate to a valine. Normal Î± chains have a decreased affinity for the mutated Î² chains; thus assembly of the HbS tetramer is more difficult. Red blood cells containing HbS form a sickle shape because the Hb S molecules polymerize. Hb S molecules are more likely to polymerize when in the deoxygenated T form than in the oxygenated R form. The polymerized Hb deforms the normal discoid shape of the red blood cells, producing a sickle-shaped cell. The sickle shaped red blood cells become trapped in capillaries and organs, depriving the victim of adequate oxygen supply and causing chronic pain and organ damage.

Glover, R. E., Ivy, E. D., Orringer, E. P., Maeda, H., and Mason, R. (1999) Molecular Pharmacology 55, pp. 1006-1010.

Huang, J., Hadimani, S. B., Rupon, J. W., Ballas, S. K., Kim-Shapiro, D. B., and S. Bruce King (2002) Biochemistry 41, pp. 2466-2474.

S. Bruce King (2003) J.Clin. Invest., 111, pp. 171-172.

1) Why do you think Hb S has higher tendency to polymerize compared to Hb A?

KINE 150 Lecture Notes - Hemoglobin, Anemia

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