PHY3111 Study Guide - Final Guide: Mesenchymal Stem Cell, Calcium Hydroxide, Osteoblast

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erinbeetle253

25 Jun 2022

School

Monash University

Department

Science - Physiology

Course

PHY3111

Professor

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Document Summary

Organic: type 1 collagen fibres, various non-collagen proteins that are unique to bone & assist mineralisation, tough & flexible. Inorganic: hydroxyapatite crystals composed of calcium phosphate, plus traces of other minerals (calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate) & ions (sodium, magnesium, fluoride), strong & can withstand compression. Osteoprogenitor cells: arise from mesenchymal stem cells, committed to the osteogenic (bone) lineage, proliferate & mature to form osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), located in periosteum & endosteum, persist for life in low abundance. Osteoblasts: derived from osteoprogenitor cells, responsible for the formation of new bone, secrete the organic components of bone matrix (osteoid), control the mineralisation of osteoid by releasing calcium ions, differentiate into osteocytes when surrounded by bone matrix. Osteocytes: differentiate from osteoblasts, surrounded by mineralised bone matrix, responsible for the maintenance of bone, regulate the mineral/protein composition of bone matrix, connect to neighbouring osteocytes via cytoplasmic processes.

Related Questions

Fill in the nine gaps in this table.
Symbol B
Protons 19
Neutrons 20
Electrons 18
Mass number 11 40

Identify the unknown particle (X) in the following equations fornuclear decay, and state whether each process is alpha decay, betadecay, or gamma decay. (Type your answer according to this format:4 2 He represents . Use gamma to enter ?.)
(a) ? X + -
X =

(b) ? + X
X =

(c) ? + X
X =

Actinium-225 () undergoes alpha decay.
(a) Write the equation. (Enter the mass number in the first raisedbox, the atomic number in the second lower box, and the element,with charge if necessary, in the third box.)
? + He

(b) The daughter formed in part (a) undergoes beta decay. Write theequation. (Enter the mass number in the first raised box, theatomic number in the second lower box, and the element, with chargeif necessary, in the third box.)
? + e

Classify each of the following materials as an element, compound,heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture.
(a) concrete
element
compound
heterogeneous mixture
homogeneous mixture

(b) clear apple juice
element
compound
heterogeneous mixture
homogeneous mixture

(c) nitrogen
element
compound
heterogeneous mixture
homogeneous mixture

(d) ozone
element
compound
heterogeneous mixture
homogeneous mixture

Refer to the figure below. Find the approximate solubility (g/100 gwater) of sugar at 20Â°C.
g/100 g of water

Give the symbol for each of the following elements.
(a) lead

(b) sodium

(c) oxygen

Give the name of each element.
(a) Cu

(b) Bi

(c) Ti

Volcanoes emit much hydrogen sulfide gas, H2S, which reacts withthe oxygen in the air to form water and sulfur dioxide, SO2. Every53 tons of H2S reacts with 75 tons of oxygen and forms 28 tons ofwater. How many tons of SO2 are formed?

An antacid tablet weighing 0.939 g contained calcium carbonate asthe active ingredient, in addition to an inert binder. When an acidsolution weighing 56.233 g was added to the tablet, carbon dioxidegas was released, producing a fizz. The resulting solution weighed56.954 g. How many grams of carbon dioxide were produced?

Calculate (to the nearest 0.1 u) the formula mass of thesecompounds.
(a) sodium phosphate, Na3PO4
u

(b) methane, CH4
u

(c) silver cyanide, AgCN
u

Calculate (to the nearest 0.1 u) the formula mass of thesecompounds.
(a) silver carbonate, Ag2CO3
u

(b) calcium bromide, CaBr2
u

(c) magnesium hydroxide, MgOH
u

Balance these chemical equations. (Use the lowest possiblecoefficients.)
(a) O2 + N2H4 ? H2O2 + N2

(b) Sr + H2O ? Sr(OH)2 + H2

(c) NH3 + O2 ? N2 + H2O

(d) Al + Fe3O4 ? Al2O3 + Fe

(e) Fe(OH)2 + O2 + H2O ? Fe(OH)3

(f) Pb(NO3)2 ? PbO + NO2 + O2

(a) Calcium and chlorine react to give calcium chloride in acombination reaction. Write and balance the equation. (Type youranswer using the format CO2 for CO2. Use the lowest possiblecoefficients.)

Ca + ?

(b) Heating decomposes Na2CO3 to sodium oxide and carbon dioxide.Write and balance the equation. Type your answer using the formatCO2 for CO2. Use the lowest possible coefficients.)

Na2CO3 ? + CO2

Write and balance the reaction for the complete combustion ofmethanol, CH3OH. (Type your answer using the format CO2 for CO2.Use the lowest possible coefficients.)

1. Which of the following elements would have similar properties to Sulfur?

a. Chlorine b. Argon c. Aluminum d. Oxygen

2. Which element is likely to react violently with water (Hint: think back to the demo you saw!)?

a. Beryllium b. Carbon c. Caesium d. Sulfur

3. Which element is most likely to be a clear, colourless, odourless gas that is unreactive?

a. Fluorine b. Krypton c. Nitrogen d. Hydrogen

4. Which statement is correct?

a. Be is more reactive than Li c. O is more reactive than F

b. Kr is more reactive than Br d. Ra is more reactive than Be

5. Which of the following are true about the Alkaline Earth metals?

a. They all have 2 electrons in their valence shell

b. They are the most reactive group of metals

c. They burn with bright colourful flames, and are used in fireworks

d. All of the above are true

e. Only a. and c. are true

6. Rutherford’s gold foil experiment showed that…

a. electrons do not surround the nucleus in a random cloud, but rather in organized orbitals

b. atoms have a tiny, positively charged nucleus

c. electrons crowd tightly together at an atom’s centre

d. atoms contain neutrons

7. Which determines the identity of an atom?

a. the sum of protons and neutrons c. number of neutrons

b. number of protons in the nucleus d. its driver’s license

8. If an atom has six protons, six electrons, and eight neutrons it must be an isotope of…

a. carbon b. silicon c. oxygen d. magnesium

9. An atom has a mass number of 20 and it contains 10 neutrons. What element must it be?

a. calcium b. neon c. zinc d. More information is needed.

10. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Protons and electrons are located in the nucleus of an atom.

b. All atoms of the element lithium will have 4 neutrons.

c. The energy level closest to the nucleus is the valence shell.

d. Two atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons.

11. Which phrase best describes a group or family in the periodic table?

a. Elements that have the same melting point.

b. Elements that have the same number of electrons in their outermost orbits.

c. Elements in the same group all have the same number of orbitals/energy levels.

d. Elements that are in the same row.

jhonny

PHY3111 Study Guide - Final Guide: Mesenchymal Stem Cell, Calcium Hydroxide, Osteoblast

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