PHY3111 Study Guide - Final Guide: Stem Cell, Yolk Sac, Follicular Phase

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erinbeetle253

25 Jun 2022

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Monash University

Department

Science - Physiology

Course

PHY3111

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Stem cell directed: planarian flat worm is relatively complex, has three germ layers. Can reproduce asexually by splitting in half & each half regenerates lost parts. Can regenerate fully if cut, but if middle piece is too small, regeneration is defective. Lower wnt concentration = anterior part of body. Higher wnt concentration = posterior part of body. Wnt binds to frizzled (fz) cell surface receptors -> recruits lrp -> inactivates beta-catenin destruction complex -> beta-catenin activates target genes in nucleus: epimorphosis: structures de-differentiate, form a blastema, then re-differentiate. New positional values are linked to growth from the cut surface. Organism is same size as original: morphallaxis - hydra: re-patterning of existing tissues, a new positional value is set and then new boundaries form, resulting organism is smaller version of original. Regeneration of hydra is polarised; head forms at original apical end, foot forms at original basal end. Blue = inner cell mass, including the embryo proper and amnion.

Related Questions

Hello, this question is extremely important. Rating highestlevel, but you must answer all 5 parts of question to receive fullcredit. Please list all steps, graphs, etc. as they're needed andany intuition you used to complete problems. Thank you,

8. An abrupt silicon p-n junction has NA = 2 x 10^14 cm^-3 on one side andND = 5 x 10^15 cm-3 on theother. At atemperature of 300Â°K

a) (4) Find the position of the Fermi levels in both the p and nregions
b) (4) Find the majority concentrations in each region
c) (4) Find the minority concentrations in each region
d) (4) Draw and label the equilibrium band diagram
e) (4) Determine the size of the potential "hill"

Semiconductor Summary

Nc (cm^-3) - Effective Density ofStates for electrons

N_V (cm^-3) - EffectiveDensity of States for holes

n_i (cm^-3) - IntrinsicCarrier Concentration

n_n, p_p (cm^-3) -Majority Carrier Concentrations (electrons in n-type or holes inp-type)

n_p, p_n (cm^-3) -Minority Carrier Concentrations (electrons in p-type or holes inn-type)

N_D (cm^-3) - Donor DopingConcentration (density of donor atoms)

N_A (cm^-3) - Acceptor DopingConcentration (density of acceptor atoms)

E_F (eV) - Fermi level in extrinsicmaterial

E_Fi (eV) - Fermi level in intrinsicmaterial

	Silicon	Germanium
mn	1.1 me	0.55 me
mp	0.56 me	0.37 me
E_g	1.110 eV	0.67 eV
Nc	2.90 x 10¹⁹ cm^-3	1.02 x 10¹⁹ cm^-3
Nv	1.05 x 10¹⁹ cm^-3	5.65 x 10¹⁸ cm^-3
ni	1.0 x 10¹⁰ cm^-3	1.8 x 10¹³ cm^-3

At 300Â° K

(A) Show that the position of a particle on a circle of radius Rwith center at the origin (x=0,y=0) is given in unit vectors byr=cosÎ¸i+sinÎ¸j, where Î¸ is the angle of the position vector with thex axis.

B) If the particle moves with constant speed v and period T,starting on the x axis at t=0, find an expression for Î¸ in terms ofthe time and T.

C) Differentiate the position vector twice with respect to timeto find the acceleration and show that it is the centripetalacceleration, whose magnitude is given by equation (a=(v^2)/r) andwhose direction is toward the center of the circle. (Not that theunit vectors i and j are constants, independent of time.)

Tiny solid and liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere are called aerosols. Windblown dust, sea salts, volcanic ash, smoke from wildfires, and pollution from factories are all examples of aerosols. Depending upon their size, type, and location, aerosols can either cool the surface, or warm it. They can help clouds to form, or they can inhibit cloud formation. And if inhaled, some aerosols can be harmful to people's health.

These maps show average monthly aerosol amounts around the world based on observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Terra satellite. Satellite measurements of aerosols, called aerosol optical thickness, are based on the fact that the particles change the way the atmosphere reflects and absorbs visible and infrared light. An optical thickness of less than 0.1 (palest yellow) indicates a crystal clear sky with maximum visibility, whereas a value of 1 (reddish brown) indicates very hazy conditions.

High aerosol amounts are linked to different process in different places and times of year. High aerosol amounts occur over South America from July through September. This pattern is due to land clearing and agricultural fires that are widespread across the Amazon Basin and Cerrado regions during the dry season. Aerosols have a similar seasonal pattern in Central America (March-May), central and southern Africa (June-September, and Southeast Asia (January-April).

In other cases, however, aerosol concentrations are not related to fires. For example, from May through August each year, aerosol amounts rise dramatically around the Arabian Peninsula and nearby oceans due to dust storms. Elevated aerosol amounts nestle at the foothills of the Himalaya Mountains in northern India in some months, and linger over eastern China for much of the year. These elevated aerosol amounts are due to human-produced air pollution.

What is the most likely source of the high concentration of particulates that appear off the coast of northwestern Africa?

What is the most likely source of the high concentrations of particulates over central Africa and central South America?

What is the most likely source of the high concentrations of particulates over eastern China?

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PHY3111 Study Guide - Final Guide: Stem Cell, Yolk Sac, Follicular Phase

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