BIOL 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Appendicitis, Craniotomy, Laryngospasm

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zaraahmad782

12 Sep 2022

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U of S

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 120

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Medical words composed of word elements, also known as word parts, and consisting of some or all of the following elements: Foundation of the word that contains its main meaning. At least one word root in most medical words. Some medical words, such as heart and blood, derived from early versions of french or. English language without a word root: examples of words with roots tonsill in tonsill/ectomy, hepat in hepat/itis, gastr in gastr/oma laryng in laryng/itis. Created when a word root is combined with a vowel, known as a combining vowel. Combining vowel usually an o, but sometimes an i or an e. Difficulty pronouncing certain combinations of word roots requires insertion of a vowel. No meaning of its own, but a combining vowel enables two or more word elements to be connected: examples of words with cfs, mamm/o in mamm/o/gram, psych/o in psych/o/logy, hepat/o in hepat/o/megaly laryng/o in laryng/o/spasm. Word element at the end of a word.

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I will like you do grammar check, and rewrite it in another form. This is to avoid plagirsm. Thank you.

The purpose of this research is to explain some advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of the electronic medical record in a general hospital and specific units such as Neonatal intensive care unit. Also, it will emphasize different challenges that physician face when using the eMR as well as some solutions they offered in order to help them to overcome the challenge of typing. Most importantly, it will focus on the beneficial use of the eMR such as reduced time when charting specially in nursing as they spend a lot of time when documenting, it will reduce the time in half when using electronic medical record. Also, the research will review how the electronic medical record can enhance the quality of care to the patient. The electronic medical record will provide all the information needed by the physicians or any health care provider when giving care especially the critical patient who needs a quick intervention. This reseach will provide some information on how the eMR can improve quality of care. On the other hand, it will be discussed how the use of eMR can affect the relationship between a health care provider and the patient. As we know, health care providers have to keep a professional but close relationship with their patients in order to provide care and give the best intervention. However, when a health care provider uses electronic medical record some information might be lost when typing from a paper-based system into the eMR. The journals discuss multiple solutions to overcome and to reduce the risk of losing important information of our patient when typing or scanning the information into the eMR. Ventura, M.L., Battan, A.M., Zorloni, C., Abbiati, L., Colombo, M. Farina, S., & Tagliabue, P. (2011). The electronic medical record: pros and cons. The journal of maternal- fetal and neonatal medicine, 24(1), 163-166. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2011.607582 In this journal, researchers want to implement an electronic medical record in a neonatal intensive care unit. This system will enhance critical patientâs treatment because it will implement bedside clinical observation with machine monitoring data, and results from the laboratory. The time of charting for nurses was reduced but medical staff complained about the lack of automation in the reports. Through this journal researchers demonstrate that even though electronic medical record is beneficial because it reduces the charting time, it also can increase the risk for system error which can be fatal for the patients. In conclusion, electronic medical record should be reviewed for any complication that can influence patientâs life. Fox, G. S. (2014). The people versus the electronic medical record, last Thursday. Acad Pshychiatry, 38, 368-372. doi: 10.1007/s40596-014-0042-x In this journal, physicians express their concern about the use of electronic medical record. Physicians believe that the use of technology interferes with the face to face discussion between patients and doctors. Physician stated that the essential and precious communication has been diminished for both care givers and patients. Indeed, I believe with the use of electronic medical record, the lack of interaction and eye contact between the care giver and patient is increasing. This journal is really relevant within the nursing profession because it raises awareness of how important it is to keep the essential of communication between patients and health care providers. In brief, health care providers should find other way to obtain and record patient information to support the doctors and patient relationship. Ossoff, R. H., Thomason, C. D., & Appleton, J. (2010). Challenges with the electronic medical record. Journal of Health Care Compliance, 12(6), 51-54. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/822639350?accountid=3455 The authors in this article examine the different challenges that doctors are facing with the use of electronic medical record. Firstly, physicians have to take training to learn how to use the system. However, to overcome the challenge of typing, physicians proposed an idea of creating well detailed templates that list all organs systems. Indeed, templates should be used just as a baseline of information, to help the users to remember the key elements while adding the patientâs information. This is a good point in documentation because even though templates are easier to fill out, medical staff should keep in mind that documentation should be well detailed. Although the templates might be well detailed, it is better to write your own finding when assessing a client. As the authors mention, templates should be used only as a baseline information. The population of interest regarding this journal will be health care providers and people that might want to go into the health care profession. Perez, S., & Keijzers, G. (2012). Missing data in the electronic medical record. Emergency medicine Australasia, 24 (4), 465. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2012.01564.x The authors of this research explain the problems that caused the transition from paper-based system to electronic medical record. With the implementation of the eMR all paper-based data are scanned into the eMR using pdf files and then destroyed. This caused many missing information in the eMR because they were destroyed before being verified in the eMR. Some solutions were addressed in this journal including; depositing the data collection sheets and separating them from the medical charts and placing them in the data collection boxes. This might decrease the loss of a patientâs important information. In brief, this journal addresses a very important topic about the importance of completely transferring the patientâs information into the eMR. Also, it creates an awareness to keep paper documentation even though the eMR is present. Hoffman, M.A., & Williams, M.S. (2011). Electronic medical records and personalized medicine. Hum genet, 130, 33-39. doi: 10.1007/s00439-011-0992-y The authors emphasize two important aspects of a fully functional electronic medical record. Firstly, it is necessary to present patients or clinicians with a high quality context detailed information when providing care. Secondly, the users must combine clinical information from different sources in order to guide the clinician to improve intervention for a given patient. According to this journal, the use of electronic medical record can increase quality of providing care. As health care professionals our main goal is to provide the best intervention to our patient and this journal proved that the use of eMR can improve the intervention given to the patient. This is because it can give doctors a quick access to patientâs information in a critical scenario or even when just proving care.

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1) What is the most efficient and cost-effective way to control infectious diseases? A) variolation C) passive immunotherapy using immunoglobulins B) active immunization by vaccination D) immune testing E) autoimmunization 2) Variolation was first used _______ A) to immunize the Chinese against smallpox. B) to protect individuals against the plague during the Middle Ages. C) to spread smallpox throughout the Native American populations. D) to treat individuals exposed to hepatitis. E) for research purposes in the 20th century. 3) Almost a century after Edward Jenner introduced successful vaccination, Louis Pasteur developed vaccine(s) against A) anthrax. B) human cholera. C) rabies. D) influenza. E) both anthrax and rabies. 4) Pathogens may be attenuated for use in vaccines by ______ A) raising the pathogen for several generations in tissue culture cells. B) genetic manipulation. C) treatment with formaldehyde. D) genetic manipulation coupled with treatment with formaldehyde. E) genetic manipulation and/or raising the pathogen for several generations in tissue culture cells. 5) Which of the following statements regarding an inactivated vaccine is FALSE? A) It can be produced with deactivated whole microorganisms. B) It can be produced from antigenic fragments of a pathogen. C) It is safer than an attenuated vaccine. D) It is made from mutated forms of the pathogen. E) It is made from pathogens that cannot replicate. 6) Which of the following substances is commonly used to inactivate microbes before using them for vaccination? A) formaldehyde B) aluminum C) mineral oil D) saponin E) aluminum phosphate 7) What type of vaccine is the hepatitis B vaccine? A) inactivated whole pathogen B) attenuated vaccine C) toxoid vaccine D) a recombinant vaccine composed of a single antigen of the hepatitis virus E) a vaccine produced by treating the virus with formaldehyde 8) An infectious disease researcher isolates the pathogen responsible for an emerging disease. The microbe is grown in the lab for many generations. A preparation of the laboratory-grown microbe is treated with ionizing radiation and then tested for its potential as a vaccine. What type of vaccine is this? A) attenuated B) subunit C) combination D) toxoid E) inactivated whole 9) OPV, the attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine, is no longer administered in the U.S.A. because it A) is very toxic. B) does not provide good immunity. C) can revert to wild-type virulence. D) can be spread to contacts. E) can be spread to contacts and can revert to wild-type virulence. 10) Hybridomas are factories for antibodies and are produced by _____ A) combining two virus-infected cells. B) fusing plasma cells with myeloma cells. C) repeated culture of a pathogen until it loses its virulence. D) combining a viral infected cell with a bacterial infected cell. E) combining two bacterial infected cells. 11) The study and diagnosis of antigen-antibody interactions in the blood is known as _____ A) immunology. B) hematology. C) serology. D) cytology. E) histology. 12) Which type of antibody assay is represented in this figure? A) an indirect ELISA C) an indirect immunofluorescence assay B) a direct ELISA D) a western blot E) an immunodiffusion assay 13) Titration is a serological procedure that A) identifies the causative microbe of an infectious disease. B) determines the amount of an antibody in the blood. C) must be done before the western blot test to diagnose HIV. D) is used for blood grouping. E) has been replaced by genetic engineering in isolating the antigen of a pathogen. 14) A woman uses a home pregnancy test kit that tests for hCG hormone in urine. She knows this is a type of antibody assay from the kit brochure. Antibodies reacting with the hormone produce two lines on the test strip. What specific type of antibody assay does this represent? A) a direct immunofluoresence test C) an immunochromatographic assay B) a complement fixation test D) an ELISA E) a neutralization assay 15) The complement fixation test uses red blood cells as the target for complement activation. Test serum containing antibodies is combined with a known amount of antigen in a tube, and then the RBCs and antibodies against the RBCs are added. A positive result for the complement fixation test would be A) a line of precipitate near the bottom of the tube. C) loss of color in the tube. B) a cloudy solution in the tube. D) a fluorescent precipitate. E) a solution that is clear due to precipitation of RBCs.

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22. What is the primary reason for having the older adult bring all medications with every office visit, including prescription and nonprescription medicines,vitamins, and herbal supplements?

A. So the health provider can determine if the older adult know the names of the medication.

B. So the health provider can reduce potential polypharmacy in the older adult.

C. So the health provider can ensure the older adult takes prescribed medications

D. So the health provider can assess the older adults lifestyle

23. Which medications should the nurse cautiously review from the Beer's List of medications when documenting the patient's drug profile ?

A. Diuretics

B. Inotropic drugs

C. Benzodiazepines

D. Cyclosporines

24. Which statement is true regarding the use of interdisciplinary team?

A. They enhance primary care visitation.

B. They bring better quality services for clients.

C. They meet the centers for Medicare and Medicaid services guidelines.

D. They expedite nursing care services

26. What should be the nurse's primary consideration while allowing for patient autonomy and reducing risk when dealing with end of life care ?

A.stage of illness

B. Cognitive impairment

C. Weight

D. Age

27. Whicn statement from a nurse would indicate good judgment when considering common myths regarding physical restraint use ?

A. Alternatively to physical restraints are unavailable

B. Inadequate staffing causes the need for physical restraint use.

C. Failure to restrain puts individuals at risk for legal liability

D. Risk of falls exists when restraints are used.

28. A 66 year- old patient lives alone and has a BMI of 32, as well as diabetes. As the nurse begins to encourage the patient to increase current levels of physical activity, the nurse should recognize common barriers identified by the elderly.

Which barrier to physical activity is least common for the elderly?

A. Finding safe area to walk

B. Swelling of ankles

C. Having pain from arthritis

D. Experience fatigue

29. An 81-year-old patient is a new resident in Hill Side Nursing Home. Upon admission the patient had a Braden score of 17.

Which statement would indicate that the RN on duty lacks understanding that the patient is at risk for pressure ulcers?

A. The primary risk factor is immobility.

B. The primary risk factor is a BMI < 24

C. The primary risk factor is polypharmacy

D. The primary risk factor is malnutrition

30. Harriett is a 92-year-old who lives in assisted living; she recently fell and broke her hip. Harriet and her family would like to keep Harriet safe and at the highest level of independence on her return to her accommodations from the hospital.

Which action should the nurse take to help Harriet and her family ?

A. Counsel about home safely assessments

B. Tell Harriet to become active in the local Tai Chi program

C. Discuss the rate of unintentional injuries for older aldults

D. Have Harriet and her family request a daily room check by staff

31. Sharron is a 90- year-old female who lived in Asia for most of her life and is a nonnative English speaker. She recently had emergency gallbladder surgery.

Which nursing action would be best to do before discharging Sharron back to her accommodations?

A. Explore her use of alternative medicines

B. Explore English as a second language lessons

C. Explore aromatherapy for relaxation purposes

D. Explore counciling for depression options.

32. Agnes is a 77 year old who lost her husband last year and has congestive heart failure. She has a move in with her son Alex. She has been brought to the ER by Alex who says she is short of breath. He doesn't know how long she has been in the state, nor does he know the medication she should be on.

What is the nursing priority?

A. Admit and stabilize the patient

B. Call Agne's daughter

C. Contact social services

D. Ask the son if he is overwhelmed

BIOL 120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Appendicitis, Craniotomy, Laryngospasm

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