ZOOL241 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Same Same, Heat Sink, Tetraodontiformes

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1mmun1t3

17 Sep 2022

School

University of Alberta

Department

Zoology (Biological Sciences)

Course

ZOOL241

Professor

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Document Summary

To maintain internal constancy despite external change. Ttx mimics na+, and can block voltage-gated na+ channels. It mimics a hydrated na+ (na with it"s hydration shell, which is what the channels move). Shuts off neuron signal conduction (no aps). Is a heat sink (bonds can absorb/store lots of heat) and, notably, ice is less dense than liquid. Surface tension key for life to exist, ex. Since water is incompressible, volume doesn"t change, only pressure. If diving, the bends can occur, decompression sickness (dcs). Viscosity is flow heart does bulk flow , takes energy to do so since water tends to push back . Ions water is full of them. Solubility related to polarity (since like dissolves like) Adding salt increases fluid mass, but not volume! This is due to hydration shells, which use electrostatic interactions. Saltwater heavier than freshwater, so travels underneath. Hydrophobicity oil lacks polarity, thus don"t mix with water.

Related Questions

Circle the word of phrase that correctly completes the sentece or answers the question. The property that allows water molecule to be attracted to each other is called (cohesion, adhesion). This propert is conferred by (covalent bonds, hydrogen gonds). This property is conferred by ( covalent bond, hydrogen bond). Ice is ( more dense, less dense) than liquid water. Water is polar molecule because of the unequal sharing of( electrons, protons) between the atoms in H2O. Adhesion of water to a surface is through the action of (covalent bond, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds) between the water and the surace. Water is converted from liquid to vapor through the brakage of ( colvalent, hydrogen) bonds. Which (one) of these substance is not hydrophilic:( cellulose, oil, NaCl). Which of these will not dissolve in water, even though it is polar?(cellulose, oil, NaCl). Which of these is an electrolyte? (cellusose oil, NaCl). A buffer will contain a week acis , weak base, both).

1. What is the difference between heat and temperature?
a. [Heat is the transfer of thermal energy and temperature is themeasurement of that energy transfer]
b. [Heat is the measurement of energy transfer and temperature isthe transfer of thermal energy]
c. [Heat and temperature mean the same thing - the transfer ofthermal energy]

2. What is "internal kinetic energy"?
a. [Moving energy that you cannot see with the naked eye (akamicroscopic)]
b. [Moving energy that you can see with the naked eye (akamacroscopic)]
c. [All forms of energy]

3. What is "internal potential energy"?
a. [Stored energy that you cannot see with the naked eye (akamicroscopic)]
b. [Stored energy that you can see with the naked eye (akamacroscopic)]
c. [All forms of energy]

4. What the difference is between "thermal energy" and"heat"?
a. [Thermal energy and heat mean the same thing. There is nodifference between them.]
b. [Heat results from thermal energy by either a change in phase ora difference in temperature.]
c. [Thermal energy results from heat either by a change in phase ora difference in temperature.]

5. In ionic bonding, one or more valence electrons aretransferred from one atom to another. When this transfer occurs,the receiving atom is now __________ charged.
a. [Positively charged]
b. [Negatively charged]
c. [Neutrally charged]

6. The solid state of ice is less dense than its liquidstate.
a. [True] b. [False]

7. Concrete has a higher heat capacity than water.
a. [True] b. [False]

8. Thermohaline circulation is driven by:
a. [Density] b. [Gravity] c. [Latitude] d. [Temperature] e.[Wind]

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1. As water cools below 4Â°C, it expands and becomes less dense. Why is this beneficial to organisms living in a lake during a cold winter?

2. Given that heat readily transfers between an organismâs body and water, what would you predict about the temperature of the boundary layer around an animalâs body compared to the temperature of the surrounding water in cold weather?

3. Based on the properties of water, why do non-polar compounds such as fats and oils not dissolve well in water?

4. In lakes around the world, some have thick deposits of limestone, which is made up of calcium carbonate, and are resistant to the effects of acid rain. What parallels can you draw between these lakes and the smokestack scrubbers being used in coal-powered factories?

5. Both saltwater and freshwater fish have adaptations to control the movement of water and salts across their external surfaces. Describe what would happen without these adaptations.

6. How would the process of natural selection favor the evolution of increased salt tolerance during the decades that cold regions of the world have increased the use of road salt, which ultimately finds its way into streams and lakes?

7. Using your knowledge of how CO₂ dissolves and reacts in water, explain why global increases in atmospheric CO₂ should cause a decrease in the pH of ocean water.

8. How would counter-current selection in fish gills be beneficial for an animal trying to get rid of CO₂?

9. How might the use of isozymes permit an aquatic organism to persist with a gradual increase in thermal pollution but not a rapid increase in thermal pollution?

10. If the algae that live in corals need CO₂ as a carbon source for photosynthesis, why do scientists argue that global increases in CO₂ are playing a role in the decline in coral reefs around the world?

ZOOL241 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Same Same, Heat Sink, Tetraodontiformes

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