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ZOOL241 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Enzyme, Phosphofructokinase, Fundulus

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1mmun1t3
17 Sep 2022
School
University of Alberta
Department
Zoology (Biological Sciences)
Course
ZOOL241
Professor

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Document Summary

Enzyme breathing: ability of enzyme to move in 3d space. (so, binding to allosteric site affects how it moves in space) Bind reversibly to the enzyme and decrease their ability to. Note: actual km is not affected, only the perceived km. Km is a property of the enzyme itself and cannot be changed. Allosteric inhibition is very common, and enzymes often have many allosteric sites. ex. 50% of our drugs work on g-coupled enzymes. Irreversible steps, branching points in a metabolic pathways are great positions for control. Mass action: whether something binds is based on the amount of modulator that you have. Lots of it means higher chance of being bound. Pfk is allosterically modulated by amp (+) and by citrate (-). Used for explosive needs, like immediate need for glucose and energy. All three are slightly different to ensure their reaction rates are same (hotter one has more weak bonds, so more rigid)

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Related Questions

explain the functioning of enzymes and enzyme inhibitors.

Explain how the following mechanisms regulate enzyme activity.

Part A

Covalent modification

a)The product of a series of reactions acts as an inhibitor for an earlier reaction.
b)Hormones control the synthesis of enzymes.
c)A regulator binds to the enzyme at a site other than the active site. This binding changes the shape of the enzyme and alters the catalytic ability of the enzyme.
d)An inhibitor binds reversibly to the enzymesubstrate complex, blocking the binding of the second substrate to the active site.
e)The activity of an enzyme is influenced by the addition or removal of a group that is covalently bonded to the enzyme.

f)An inhibitor forms covalent bonds to the active site, permanently blocking it.

Part B

Genetic control

a)The product of a series of reactions acts as an inhibitor for an earlier reaction.
b)Hormones control the synthesis of enzymes.
c)A regulator binds to the enzyme at a site other than the active site. This binding changes the shape of the enzyme and alters the catalytic ability of the enzyme.
d)An inhibitor binds reversibly to the enzymesubstrate complex, blocking the binding of the second substrate to the active site.
e)The activity of an enzyme is influenced by the addition or removal of a group that is covalently bonded to the enzyme.

f)An inhibitor forms covalent bonds to the active site, permanently blocking it

Part C

Allosteric regulation

a)The product of a series of reactions acts as an inhibitor for an earlier reaction.
b)Hormones control the synthesis of enzymes.
c)A regulator binds to the enzyme at a site other than the active site. This binding changes the shape of the enzyme and alters the catalytic ability of the enzyme.
d)An inhibitor binds reversibly to the enzymesubstrate complex, blocking the binding of the second substrate to the active site.
e)The activity of an enzyme is influenced by the addition or removal of a group that is covalently bonded to the enzyme.

f)An inhibitor forms covalent bonds to the active site, permanently blocking it.

Part D

Feedback inhibition

a)The product of a series of reactions acts as an inhibitor for an earlier reaction.
b)Hormones control the synthesis of enzymes.
c)A regulator binds to the enzyme at a site other than the active site. This binding changes the shape of the enzyme and alters the catalytic ability of the enzyme.
d)An inhibitor binds reversibly to the enzymesubstrate complex, blocking the binding of the second substrate to the active site.
e)The activity of an enzyme is influenced by the addition or removal of a group that is covalently bonded to the enzyme.
f)An inhibitor forms covalent bonds to the active site, permanently blocking it

PFK-1 and PFK-2 sound like isozymes, but they’re not.(a) What is similar about their substrates and products?(b) What is different about their substrates and products?(c) Please describe each enzyme’s regulation in detail, then note (d) what is different about how each is regulated.(e) Lastly, you contract a virus that inhibits the genetic expression of either PFK-1 or PKF-2, from a biochemical perspective which one would you pick to escape inhibition and why?