BIOL 1107 Chapter Notes -Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Citric Acid Cycle

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syd0413

16 Oct 2022

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UConn

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 1107

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Document Summary

Understand the input and output of pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle. Be able to describe the structure and function (in terms of electrons and h+) of the electron transfer system. Be able to explain what proton motive force is: where does it come from, what is it used for. Be able to explain how chemiosmosis fuels oxidative phosphorylation and atp synthase. 7. 3 pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle. Citric acid cycle / tricarboxylic acid cycle (tca) / krebs cycle ~ enzymes complete the oxidation of acetyl groups to co2, and synthesize atp molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation. In pyruvate oxidation, which occurs inside mitochondria, 1 pyruvate (three carbons) is oxidized to 1 acetyl group (two carbons) and 1 carbon dioxide (coz). Electrons removed in the oxidation are accepted by 1 nad+ to produce 1 nadh. The acetyl group is transferred to coenzyme a, which carries it to the citric acid cycle (figure 7. 10).

Related Questions

35. During the complete catabolism of glucose, CO2 is released during ____ (note: Krebs cycle = citric acid cycle)
A. glycolysis only
B. Krebs cycle only
C. Krebs cycle and oxidation of pyruvate
D. oxidation of pyruvate only
E. Krebs cycle, glycolysis and oxidation of pyruvate

36. A reaction center, a primary electron acceptor and many chlorophyll molecules are all components of a/an _________ .
A. fluorescence center
B. photosystem
C. electron transport chain
D. carbon-fixation unit
E. electromagnetic spectrum

37. Which of the following generates the most reducing power?
A. anabolism of isoleucine
B. Calvin cycle
C. glycolysis
D. citric acid cycle
E. Hobbes reactions

38. After completion of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of _____.

A. acetyl CoA
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. CO2
E. FADH2

39. The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in:
A. all membranes of the chloroplast
B. the stroma
C. the matrix
D. the tonoplast membrane
E. thylakoid membranes

40. When chloroplasts are illuminated with white light, chlorophyll primarily absorbs:
A. photons of all wavelengths
B. green light only
C. red light only
D. blue light only
E. red and blue light

goldwallaby134

1. Choose the TWO correct statements describing the citrate cycle.

	ATP is an indirect product of the citric acid cycle
	Acetyl CoA can increase the pool of citric acid cycle intermediates
	Fatty acids can increase the pool of citric acid cycle intermediates
	ADP inhibits Î±-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
	The pool of mitochondrial oxaloacetate can be increased by pyruvate
	All enzymes of the citric acid cycle are found soluble and free in the mitochondrial matrix

2.Which molecule in the net reaction of the citrate cycle contributes to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

	NADH
	H⁺
	H₂O
	FAD

3. How would a high NADH to NAD⁺ ratio be expected to affect the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction?

	The E1 subunit is phosphorylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, and the catalytic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases.
	The last step of the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is blocked, resulting in a decrease in activity.
	The pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase-1 enzyme would increase, resulting in pyruvate dehydrogenase activation at an accelerated rate.
	The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase enzyme activity would increase, resulting in an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.

26. How many NET ATPâs can be obtained from THREE (3) molecules of glucose via (only) GLYCOLYSIS under the following conditions:

a. anaerobic conditions:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. aerobic conditions:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

27. Under aerobic conditions (glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and the citric acid cycle), how many ATPâs can be obtained from TWO (2) molecules of glucose via:

a. substrate level phosphorylation:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. oxidative phosphorylation:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. net ATP production:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

28. When completely oxidized, how many Acetyl CoAâs will be produced from a 12-CARBON fatty acid chain?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

29. How many cycles of Î²-oxidation will there be to completely oxidize a 12-CARBON fatty acid chain to Acetyl-CoAâs?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

30. How many ATPâs can be obtained from the oxidation of a 12-CARBON fatty acid via: (aerobic conditions)

a. Î²-oxidation:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. the citric acid cycle:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. What is the net production of ATPâs?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

31. How many ATPâs can be obtained from the oxidation of a ten (10) carbon fatty acid? Include the ATPâs produced via the following: (aerobic conditions)

a. substrate level phosphorylation:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

b. oxidative phosphorylation:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. net ATP production:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

BIOL 1107 Chapter Notes -Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Citric Acid Cycle

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