CRM 1300 Lecture Notes - Dependent And Independent Variables, Internal Validity, Uptodate

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cameronzic27

20 Oct 2022

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A research method is a strategy for systematically conducting research. Social science knowledge is based on science, a logical organized method of obtaining information through direct, systematic observation. Scientific knowledge is based on empirical evidence, information that is directly verifiable. Concepts are mental constructions that represent some part of the world, inevitably in a simplified form. Variables are concepts whose value changes from case to case. Operationalizing a variable is the process of developing the measure to be used in gauging a variable. Cause and effect are a relationship in which change in one variable causes change in another. Correlation exists when two (or more) variables are related in some way. Independent variables are those variables that are thought to cause or influence some variables. Dependent variables are those variables cause by another variable. Extraneous variables are a third important type of variable.

Related Questions

Psychology of adulthood and aging;

Here is a question related to adulthood/aging that you think science canât answer:

Does age determine adulthood?

Then you will try to demonstrate how science could answer a related question. (Change the question to): When should a person be considered an adult?

Objectives:

Students should be able to speculate as to why two variables might be correlated, identify what a correlation between variables is not telling us, and anticipate what kind of research studies could further clarify a correlation between variables.

Students should be able to define operationalization, hypothesis, and be able to describe the scientific method by which psychologists study adulthood and aging.

a-First psychological variable

b-Give it a label

c-Briefly describe this variable.

Describe how this variable can be operationalized (that is, describe exactly how you determine which category or which value of the variable applies to a particular person or situation).

Second variable that you believe is related to your first variable.

a-Give it a label.

b-Briefly describe this variable.

c-Describe how this variable can be operationalized.

Once the variables are defined, the next step is to predict the relationship between these two variables by writing a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables. For now, assume that there is a causal relationship between the two variables even if it would be impossible or unethical to test a causal hypothesis. This means that changing a personâs score on one of the variables (the independent variable) would cause the personâs score on the other variable (the dependent variable) to change. For example, you might say, âIncreasing the amount of violent television that a person watches will cause that person to exhibit more aggressive behaviors.â

Cause-and-effect inferences can be made in an experimental design because a. The researcher manipulates both the independent and dependent variables b. The researcher controls the dependent variable throughout the experiment c. The researcher directly controls or manipulates changes in the independent variable d. Participants are systematically assigned to experimental conditions.

a researcher may design an experiment with more than two levels of the independent variable because:

a. it may be difficult to provide information about the exact relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable
b. with only two levels of the independent variable, a curvilinear relationship cannot be detected
c. researchers are often interested in comparing more than two groups
d. all of the above

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CRM 1300 Lecture Notes - Dependent And Independent Variables, Internal Validity, Uptodate

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