BIOL 121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Linkage Disequilibrium, Haplotype, Cell Membrane
Document Summary
If frequency of each allele is 0. 5, expect equal probability of each haplotype based on random sampling: prob(ab) = prob(ab) = prob(ab) = 0. 5 x 0. 5 = 0. 25. If association between alleles is not random, loci in linkage disequilibrium. Ds cannot move without ac, so all cells lack pigment. In the presence of ac, ds can move. Gain one copy in one daughter cell after mitosis. Cells are the fundamental unit of life. Cells are both distinct entities and building blocks of more complex organisms. Cells created from pre-existing cells by division. Cells contain heritable material, which is maintained over division. Exact balance of charges on each side of the membrane; membrane potential = 0. A few of the positive ions (red) cross the membrane from right to left, leaving their negative counterions (red) behind; this sets up a nonzero membrane potential. Comparison of ion concentrations inside and outside a typical mammalian cell:
