POPM 4230 Lecture Notes - Udder, Ovulation, Meconium

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ewhyte1999

11 Mar 2023

School

University of Guelph

Department

Population Medicine

Course

POPM 4230

Professor

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Document Summary

Unit 5 notes dairy cattle health: reproduction and transition. Heifers = 13-15 moa at first breeding + calve at 22-24 moa. Milked for 305 days producing 10,000kg milk. 2 months into lactation (60 days in milk) = return to cycling and eligible for breeding. 120 days in milk = pregnant again via ai. At end of lactation = transitioned to low energy diet to reduce milk production + enter dry period. Dry period = cow is not lactating and allows for regeneration of milk producing parenchyma in udder. Estrus cycle = period between ovulations: 17-23 days (3 weeks) Ovulation = window of fertility: estrogen surge = in heat , 8-30 hours. Symptoms: swelling + redness at vulva, clear mucus discharge from vagina, restlessness or increased activity, sniffing or licking other animals, standing to be mounted by other cows (6-8 hours) Failure to cycle (anestrus: poor nutrition or body condition.

Related Questions

Assume you are selecting individuals in your dairy herd as breeding stock. If the current herd production is 15,000 lbs milk / lactation, the average of the selected individuals is16,500 lbs milk / lactation, and the heritability (narrow sense) is 0.30, what is the expected milk production for the offspring of these selected parents?

mauvebutterfly100

QUESTION 1

Indications that an infant is getting enough food are

		six to eight wet diapers/day.
		one bowel movement/day.
		infant is alert and happy.
		any of the above.

QUESTION 2

The recommendation for folic acid is

		about 400 micrograms/day.
		necessary to prevent neural tube defects.
		lower than the RDA.
		a and b.

QUESTION 3

Cow's milk can be given after what age?

QUESTION 4

The risk associated with teenage pregnancy is a

		low-birthweight infant.
		high-birthweight infant.
		low incidence of miscarriage.
		high incidence of gestational diabetes.

QUESTION 5

The recommended order of introducing fruits and vegetables toinfants

		doesn't seem to matter.
		is fruits then vegetables.
		is vegetables then fruits.
		is to mix them together at the same meal.

QUESTION 6

Stress in the mother who breastfeeds has been shown to

		inhibit the quality of milk produced.
		cause greater milk production.
		inhibit the let-down reflex.
		cause weight loss in the infant.

QUESTION 7

Compared to breast feeding women, formula feeding women

		have identical nutrient needs.
		have fewer nutrient needs.
		need more water.
		need less water.

QUESTION 8

Supplementation of folic acid is known to prevent

		eclampsia in pregnant women.
		gestational diabetes in pregnant women.
		spina bifida and other neural tube defects.
		pregnancy-induced hypertension.

QUESTION 9

Breastfed infants need an additional iron source

		after they've been weaned.
		at about six months.
		at three months.
		they don't - they get enough iron from breast milk.

QUESTION 10

A woman who is not breastfeeding

		has the same nutrient requirements as non-lactating women.
		needs more nutrients than non-lactating women.
		has the same nutrient requirements as lactating women.
		has a greater need for water than lactating women.

emeraldhare78

1.Why would you predict that females in species with internal fertilization and long periods of gestation would be choosier in selecting their mates than females in other species that lack these traits?

2.As we talked about in elephant seals, in many species, there is much greater variance in male reproductive success than in female reproductive success. This could result from a few dominant males controlling the access to the breeding grounds the females need to give birth. There are other ways, however, to get the same pattern of variance in male reproductive success WITHOUT males controlling access to a resource or to females. How might you get the same variance in male reproductive success via intersexual selection?

POPM 4230 Lecture Notes - Udder, Ovulation, Meconium

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