PSYC 305 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Novum Organum, Pineal Gland, Subjective Idealism

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20 Apr 2023
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During the enlightenment period, it was a period of time to question. Descartes asked if we can be certain of anything. The spirit of mechanisms made people question if humans and animals are the same as machines, does the soul have any place in science. Our perception was challenged as well asking how much of our perceptual experience belongs to the stimulus and how much belongs to us. Empiricists will continue to elaborate on primary and secondary qualities. Rationalists will show us how an active mind will create perception. Francis bacon will give a new method of conducting proper science through empirical observations and the avoidance of biases. Descartes was fundamental to the world of empiricism. He suggested that both human and animal bodies function like a machine. Descartes also suggested that the immaterial mind and the material body interact within the pineal gland, which was a rationalist way of thinking. Sensory experience constitutes the primary data of all knowledge.

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