PSY 2010 Chapter Notes -Human Genome Project, Behavioural Genetics, Natural Selection
28 May 2023
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The Evolutionary Perspective
Natural selection- evolutionary process by which those individuals of species that are best
adapted are the ones that survive and reproduce
All organisms must adapt to particular places, climates, food sources, and ways of life
evolutionary psychology
Branch of psychology that emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and
“survival of the fittest” in shaping behavior.
Genetic influences on behavior evolved over time and across many species. The many traits
and characteristics that are genetically influenced have a long evolutionary history that is
retained in our DNA.
chromosomes
Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, with one member of each pair coming from
each parent. Chromosomes contain the genetic substance DNA.
DNA
A complex molecule that contains genetic information.
genes
Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Genes help cells to reproduce
themselves and manufacture the proteins that maintain life.
Human Genome Project has led to the use of the genome-wide association method to identify
genetic variations linked to a particular disorder
Linkage analysis, in which the goal is to discover the location of a gene in relation to a marker
gene (where the position is already known) is often used in the search for a disease gene.
Next-generation sequencing is a term that is now used to describe the vast increase in genetic
data generated at a much-reduced cost in a much shorter period of time.
43,000- 100,000 genes
46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
mitosis
Cellular reproduction in which the cell’s nucleus duplicates itself with two new cells
being formed, each containing the same DNA as the parent cell, arranged in the same
23 pairs of chromosomes.
meiosis
A specialized form of cell division that forms eggs and sperm (also known as gametes).
fertilization
A stage in reproduction during which an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell,
called a zygote.
zygote
A single cell formed through fertilization.
When a mutated gene is carried on the X chromosome, results in X-linked inheritance
Most people who have x-linked diseases are males
Females who have one abnormal copy of the gene on the X chromosome are known as
“carriers”, and don’t usually show signs of the X-linked disease.
Genetic Imprinting- This occurs when genes have differing effects depending on whether they
are inherited from the mother or father.
Genetic transmission is usually more complex. Few characteristics reflect the influence of only a
single gene or pair of genes. Most are determined by the interaction of many genes; they are
said to be polygenically determined.
Document Summary
Natural selection- evolutionary process by which those individuals of species that are best adapted are the ones that survive and reproduce. All organisms must adapt to particular places, climates, food sources, and ways of life evolutionary psychology. Branch of psychology that emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and. Genetic influences on behavior evolved over time and across many species. The many traits and characteristics that are genetically influenced have a long evolutionary history that is retained in our dna. chromosomes. Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, with one member of each pair coming from each parent. A complex molecule that contains genetic information. genes. Genes help cells to reproduce themselves and manufacture the proteins that maintain life. Human genome project has led to the use of the genome-wide association method to identify genetic variations linked to a particular disorder.
