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Mendel discovered that the r allele is recessive to the R allele with regard to the shape of a seed. Use an enzyme catalyzed reaction to show the relationships between gene, allele, dominant phenotype, recessive phenotype. (Hint: read “the molecular nature of alleles” on p51)

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2 Sep 2018

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Related questions

The hairless gene allele, H, in fruit flies, causes fruit flies to lack sensory hairs. The H allele is dominant; the recessive allele, h, causes flies to have normal sensory hairs. The dominant allele is lethal when homozygous.

A second gene, suppressor of Hairless, Su(H), can block the phenotype of hairless. The dominant allele, Su(H), prevents the H allele from causing its phenotype, resulting in flies with sensory hairs. The dominant Su(H) allele is also lethal when homozygous. The recessive allele, su(H), allows the H allele to cause its phenotype. The Su(H) allele does not affect with the h allele.

A. If you were given a strain of flies which has normal sensory hairs, what are all the possible genotypes of this strain, with respect to these two genes described above?

B. If you were given a strain of flies with normal sensory hairs, how could you determine the genotype through crosses alone? Assume that you could set up a cross with any valid combination of the alleles listed in the introduction to this problem. Identify the conclusions you would make about genotypes based on the crossing scheme.

Flower position, stem length, and seed shape were three characters that Mendel studied. Each is controlled by an independently assorting gene and has dominant and recessive expression as follows:

Character Dominant Recessive

Flower Position Axial (A) Terminal (a)

Stem Length Tall (T) Dwarf (t)

Seed Shape Round (R) Wrinkled (r)

If a plant that is heterozygous for all three characteristics is allowed to self-fertilize, what proportion of the offspring would you expect to be as follows?

a. homozygous for the three dominant traits

b. homozygous for the three recessive traits

c. heterozygous for all three characters

d. homozygous for axial and tall, heterozygous for seed shape

Differentiate amongcomplete dominance, incomplete dominance andco-dominance.

3. Understand an allelicseries -How many possible alleles are there for any given gene? Isthere only one recessive allele for a gene? Is there only onedominant allele for a gene? Is an allele always recessive ordominant with respect to other alleles of the gene?

4. What is a lethalallele? Are lethal alleles usually dominant or recessive? Are thereany exceptions? (Hint: Huntington disease in humans). How do wemaintain stocks with lethal alleles?

5. How can you tell if anallele is lethal? If one of the parents has a lethal allele, wouldall the possible genotypes be present in the progeny? What wouldhappen to the phenotypic ratios of the progeny?

6. What ispleiotropy?

7. How can you tell if atrait is determined by more than one gene? What ratios ofphenotypes in the F2 generation would you expect if a trait isdetermined by a single gene?

8. What is epistasis? Howcan the genotype at a locus affect the phenotype determined by thegenotype at another locus? What are complementary gene action,duplicate gene action, dominant suppression, dominant epistasis,and recessive epistasis?

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