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31 Jan 2019

Several solutes are present at equal concentrations between 2 of the 3 fluid compartments. Which of the following is responsible for this equilibrium?

Tight junctions

Capillary endothelium

Active transport pumps

Large proteins

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Sixta Kovacek
Sixta KovacekLv2
1 Feb 2019

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Related questions

1 Which of the following statements is false?

(a) CO2 and O2 can diffuse freely across the cell membranes.

(b) The differences in permeability between artificial lipid bilayers and cell membranes arise from variations in phospholipid content.

(c) Direction of passive transport of molecules across membrane is controlled by osmosis and electrochemical gradient.

(d) Cells expend energy in the form of ATP hydrolysis to maintain ion concentrations that differ from those found outside the cell.

2 Cells use membranes to help maintain set ranges of ion concentrations inside and outside the cell. Which of the following ions is the most abundant inside a typical mammalian cell?

(a) Na+

(b) K+

(c) Ca2+

(d) Cl–

3 Pumps are transporters that are able to harness energy provided by other components in the cells and drive the movement of solutes across membranes, against their concentration gradient. This type of transport is called _____________.

(a) active transport.

(b) free diffusion.

(c) positive diffusion.

(d) passive transport.

Fill in the blanks. Please choose one of the following choices from the (CHOICES) for each of the fill in the blanks.

The carrier proteins through which sugar enters pancreatic beta cells have _______________ (A Lower Km or A Higher Km or The Same Km) than the carriers through which sugar enters muscle cells at fasting blood sugar levels. In order for muscle cells to increase sugar import ______________ (Blood sugar levels must be high or Insulin must be present or Glycogen must be present or gen Glucagon must be present). Oh, and glucokinase has a _______________ (High Km or Low Km ) when compared to hexokinase.

_______________ (Proton Pumps or Iron Reductases or Ferriportins or Iron Oxidases) are responsible for the release of transferrin from the transferrin receptor and iron form transferrin. _______________ (Proton Pumps or Iron Reductases or Ferriportins or Iron Oxidases) Convert the iron to the active form in which it may be exported. This happens in the ________________ (Lysosome or Cytoplasm or Intermembrane Space or Interstitial Fluid ).

3. Consider a hypothetical two-compartment system separated by a membrane permeable to ions K+ and Cl-, but not to Na+ and P-. No active transport is involved.

Ions Compartment I Compartment II

P- 110 mM 0 mM
Na+ 30 mM 80 mM
Cl- 70 mM 230 mM

K+ 150 mM 150

mM

a. Is each compartment space-charge neutral? Justify your answer. (3 pts)

b. Is the system (that is, between the compartments) in electrochemical equilibrium? That is, are the concentrations of ions and distribution of charge both in equilibrium? Why? (2 pts)

c. If not, what direction will each ion move? Keep in mind that K+ and Cl- will move as a pair (KCl). What are the final equilibrium levels of each ion in compartment I and II? (10 pts)

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