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What is the fate of the host cell’s DNA after the host cell has been infected by the virus? How does the viral DNA avoid a similar fate?

What is the fate of the viral glycoproteins as viral particles are released from the host cell?

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Nestor Rutherford
Nestor RutherfordLv2
28 Mar 2018

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Related questions

In this lab exercise you will watch animations about viruses and answer questions about them.

ANIMATION #1

Click on the links below to watch YouTube animations about the lysogenic and lytic cycles of viruses:

excellent animation of the lytic cycle :

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wVkCyU5aeeU&NR=1

excellent animation of the lysogenic cycle:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_J9-xKitsd0

Answer the following questions about the animations:

5. What happens to the viral DNA during the lysogenic cycle?

6. The incorporated viral DNA is called a:

7. During the lytic cycle, what does the viral DNA force the host cell to do?

8. What happens after new viruses are assembled inside the host cell?

Below is a paragraph describing HIV infection as they relate to the progress of infection. Please help choose the correct answer in each parentheses.

HIV initially infects (CD4+, or CD8+, or B) cells. These are helper T cells that activate (CD4+ or ,CD8+ or, B) cytotoxic T cells and (CD4+, or CD8+, or B) cells which produce antibodies. If HIV kills (CD4+, or CD8+) T cells then they cannot to do their job of activating these cells thus causing HIV infected people to be immunocompromised. Sometimes HIV infected people enter a latency period where the virus is inactive. This latency period can last for several years. During latency HIV (DNA, or RNA) becomes integrated into the (CD4+ or CD8+, or B) host cells genome and stops producing viral HIV RNA and new HIV virions. However, for some unknown reason, HIV comes out of dormancy and the viral (RNA, or DNA ) that was integrated in the (CD4+ , or CD8+,) T cell genome begins to transcribe more viral (DNA , or RNA) to make more viral (DNA, or RNA) using the host cells machinery. The viral (DNA, or RNA) then gets translated by host cell ribosomes to make viral proteins that eventually become packaged into new HIV virions. Consequently, after the latency period HIV becomes activated in the host cell. These cells present HIV antigen on their cell surface and alert (CD8+ or CD4+ or B) cells to kill them. As they are killed the infected (CD4+, or CD8+, or B) cells release the HIV virions into the blood stream to infect other (CD4+ or CD8+) cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. This explains why after latency we see (CD4+, or CD8+) T cells continue to decrease while at the same time viral (DNA, or RNA) levels increase.

Based on your answers to the fill in paragraph, which statement is true?

A. Once active in CD8+ T cells, HIV can now replicate with impunity and infect other cells which explains the increase in HIV RNA after latency.

B. The increase in active HIV after latency accounts for why HIV can remain dormant for years after the initial infection.

C. CD4+ levels stabilize after the latency period and explain why there is little increase in HIV RNA levels.

D. Opportunist infections can occur after HIV latency because there are very few helper T cells to left to activate cytotoxic T cells and B cells to mount an immune response.

In this lab exercise you will watch animations about viruses and answer questions about them.

ANIMATION #2

Click on the link below to watch an animation by McGraw-Hill about the entry of a virus into an animal host cell:

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter18/animation_quiz_1.html

Answer the following questions about the animation:

1. Name the green molecules embedded in the envelope of the virus, or virion:

2. What do these molecules attach to on the host cell membrane?

3. What does the envelope of the virus fuse with in order to release the viral capsid into the host cell?

4. What is the innermost part of the virus that is released by the protein capsid into the cytoplasm of the host cell?

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