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Please answer these questions.

1) Alcohol yields 7 Calories per gram when consumed (why peopleget “beer bellies”) . . . so is it a nutrient? If not, explain.

2) Which of the following is not mathematically equivalent?

A) 1000 calories = 1 kilocalorie

B) 1000 calories = 1 Calorie

C) 1 Calorie = 1 kcal

D) 1000 Calories = 1 kcal

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Casey Durgan
Casey DurganLv2
29 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Background: In this assignment, you willinvestigate the chemical composition of the foods we eat as ourbodies break down food by the digestive process.

The USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory has posted a resourcethrough which you can investigate the chemical composition offoods. Go to the USDA Lab Link at USDA Nutrient DataLaboratory: http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/

Instructions

  1. Type in a keyword, then select a food group using the drop-downarrow, then click "submit."
  2. This pulls up a menu with lots of choices.
  3. Choose one food choice, then click "submit"
  4. Next choose a portion size, then click "submit"
  5. This will bring up the nutritional informationneeded to complete the assignment.

Example:

  • Keyword: Apple
  • Select Food Group: Fruits and FruitJuice
  • Apples, raw, with skin.
  • One medium

Assignmentdetails:

A. Nutrition: Analyze the nutritionalcomponents of the food you select; and in your own words, answerthe following questions using the USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory Website as listed in the unit Web resources:

  1. What was the food and portion size you chose?
  2. Describe its composition in terms of carbohydrates, lipids, andproteins.
  3. How many calories are in your food item? (Found in the Databaseas Energy – kcal)
  4. List some of the most common vitamins and minerals in this fooditem.
  5. Are there other important nutritional components of this fooditem? If so, list these. If not, say so.

B. Water:

  1. How much of your food item is water?
  2. Provide one reason why water is important for life. Toadequately answer this question, it will be necessary to explain areason for water’s importance based upon its chemical and /orphysical properties.

C. Biological Molecule:

  1. State the most abundant category of biological molecule in yourfood: carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins.
  2. Describe the structure of this type of molecule, and itsprimary function(s). This section will not be a one sentence answer.In order to adequately “describe†an entire category ofbiological molecules, you will need to briefly review their basicmolecular structures and functions.

D. Recommendation:

After identifying the nutritional components, discuss WHY youwould or would not recommend this food item as part of a healthy,nutritious diet. Be sure to use references and guidelines such asthe Food Pyramid and Recommended Daily Allowances to support yourrecommendations.

Part C, General Science (questions 34-40)

34.If the electrical charge inside a cell was -70 millivolts,how many volts would this be?

a.-0.7 volts b. -0.07 volts c.-7.0 volts d. -70,000 volts e. -70 volts

35. What is the pH of solution that has a concentration of H+that is 0.001 moles/liter (hint: express this number usingscientific notation, then use the equation. pH = - log [H+].

a. -1 b. 3 c. 13 d. 7 e. -3

36. Using the graph below, with a ventricular stretch of 200 ml,what would be the stroke volume?

a.50 ml b. 70 ml c. 90 ml d. 110 ml e. 200 ml

37. If your heart pumps out 70 ml of blood per beat (strokevolume) and your heart rate is 60 beats per minute, what is theoutput of your heart in ml per minute (this is your cardiacoutput)

a.10 ml

b. 420 ml

c. 4,200 ml

d. 420 liters

e. 2.1 liters

38. 3,500 excess calories will eventually be converted to 1pound of fat tissue. If you consume 70 calories a day more than youburn, how long would it take you to gain one pound of fat

a. 5 days b. 2 weeks c. 50 days d. 2 months e. 5 months

39. Following rigorous exercise, your heart rate was 40 beats in20 seconds. What is your heart rate in beats per minute?

a.80 b. 160 c. 100 d. 90 e. 120

40. The amount that you learn in physiology is positivelycorrelate with

a. the frequency of your attendance

b. your desire to engage in lectures and labs

c. your asking questions when you don’t understandsomething

d. your willingness to address and work on youracademic weaknesses

e. all of these

In this week’s forum article, Nutrient Utilization in Humans: Metabolism Pathways,(http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/nutrient-utilization-in-humans-metabolism-pathways-14234029) the types of molecules and the mechanisms by which the potential chemical energy in those molecules is transformed into the type of energy capable of powering cellular work is discussed. After reading the article, answer the questions listed below. ( Read the article and answer the following questions)

1. What was Antoine Lavoisier’s major contribution to our understanding of energy metabolism in living organisms?

2. Max Rubner showed that carbohydrates and proteins produce approximately 4 Kcal/g of energy when oxidized, whereas lipids generate up to 9 Kcal/g. How can this difference be explained?

3. This article points out that a major misconception, especially for many undergraduates, is that human cells only use glucose as a fuel source. In fact, all three major absorbed end products of the digestion of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins can be utilized by most cells for the generation of ATP. What serves as the major entry point (mechanism) for these different classes of molecules that makes it possible for them to serve as fuel for ATP production? Why does this mechanism not work in the absence of oxygen? Hint: consider glycolysis and fermentation.

4. Although many of the approximately 200 cell types in the human body can utilize all three major classes of food molecules for energy, not all can. Why? Provide an example.

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