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increases in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increase theamount of heat energy retained in the atmosphere the ocean absorbabout 93 percent of this increase in energy, as well as about 25percent of CO2 molecules that are released by human activities. Howare these two factors (absorption of energy and CO2 ) impacting theocean environment and the organism that live in it?

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Collen Von
Collen VonLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Which of the following will accelerate transformation of the landscape?

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Wildfire

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Increasing temperature

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Water vapor is a by-product of which of the following?

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Wind hitting the turbulent surface of the oceans

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Rain

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Metabolism of plants and animals

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Respiration in plants and animals

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How does incomplete combustion occur?

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Incomplete combustion, the reactant burns in oxygen, producing a limited number of products.

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When there isn't enough oxygen to allow the fuel to react completely to produce carbon dioxide and water.

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Incompletecombustion is a form of oxidation otherwise known as a fire, in which large amounts of heat and light energy are released, which often results in a flame.

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The average car emits how many pounds of carbon dioxide a year?

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10,000 pounds

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3,000 pounds

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8,000 pounds

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12,000 pounds

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Which of the following is a characteristic of methane?

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A molecule released by one ant so that other ants can follow its path

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A molecule released by a bee to signal nestmates to organize

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Lifetime in the atmosphere is brief (10-12years)

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A compound produced by a bacterium that inhibits nearby fungi.

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6

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Which of the following is the best sink for atmospheric methane?

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The greenhouse gases

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The carbon bases located on land

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The hydrogen radical in the ocean

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Hydroxyl radical in the troposphere

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What would the temperature of the earth be without a natural greenhouse effect?

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32 degrees F

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18 degrees F

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98 degrees F

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9,941 degrees F

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Which of the following will affect the global population the most due to a changing climate?

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Computer manufacturing

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Adequate oxygen supplies

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Landscape businesses

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Adequate water supplies

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A "carbon offset" is best defined as which of the following?

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An increase of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases made in order to compensate for or to offset a greenhouse gas emission made elsewhere.

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An industrial induced offset of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases made in order to deprive a greenhouse gas emission made elsewhere.

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A reduction of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases made in order to compensate for or to offset a greenhouse gas emission made elsewhere.

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What is the molecular explanation of why a decrease in oceanic pH will cause fish and coral death?

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Acidic pH denatures carbohydrates

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This laboratory relates to the following Terminal Course Objective(TCO):


8 Given the two major problems of global warming and ozone layerdepletion, compare and contrast the causes, environmental andhealth impacts, as well as the success or failure of internationalpolicies to solve these problems.


Introduction

We have heard for a long time that air pollution and theaccumulation of greenhouse gases lead to global warming. In theanimation below the rise in global temperature and the rise in sealevel is predicted by a model built by the Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change (IPCC). This model is based on a number ofassumptions on the amount of ozone, particulate matter and otherair pollutants.







Depletion of the Ozone Layer

Solar radiation emits electromagnetic waves with a wide range ofwavelengths. Visible light is the part of the electromagneticspectrum that can be detected by the eye's photoreceptors.Ultraviolet radiation has slightly shorter wavelengths than visiblelight and can cause damage to the biological tissues that absorb itby destroying protein and DNA molecules. The damaging effects ofultraviolet radiation are mitigated by the ozone (O3) in theatmosphere. The ozone in the stratosphere is called the OzoneLayer. Without the Ozone Layer, it is doubtful that any life onearth could survive. Since World War ll, many atmosphericscientists began to measure the concentration of ozone in thestratosphere around the South Pole. They have noted someinteresting trends. In the exercise below we will explore the issueof Ozone Depletion.



Wind Circulation in the Atmosphere

Wind circulation in the atmosphere is largely responsible for ourweather, our climate zones, and the movement and concentration ofgreenhouse gases and other air pollutants. The learning objectbelow demonstrates the circulation of winds vertically andhorizontally around the earth.



Man and Global Climate Change

The role of man in the creation of greenhouse gases and globalwarming has long been debated. The Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change (IPCC) commissioned a model to judge the effects ofman on global temperature, the role of natural environmentalprocesses, and the combination of both. This model is exploredbelow.



One of the greenhouse gases that can be directly related to theactivities of man is carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a product ofindustrial and transportation activities. While it is true thatother processes, like respiration, can produce CO2, it is simple tolook at the concentration of CO2 before and after the industrialrevolution and clearly see the effects of man.



Concern about greenhouse gases led to representatives of 166nations to sign the Kyoto Protocol of 1997, which attempted tolimit emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Therise of the global economy has complicated the issue, as isdemonstrated in the learning object below.



Greenhouse Gases and Health

In recent years we have been measuring the Air Quality Index (AQI),which is a measure of such pollutants as ozone, particulate matter,and CO2. In the exercise below you may explore the AQI in citiesacross the U.S.







Let's look at two locations less than 500 miles apart thatrepresent both ends of the spectrum of the issue of greenhousegases and global warming. Explore both virtual field trips andevaluate them in terms of whether they contribute to the greenhousegas problem or help reduce it.

Kuala Lumpur

Rainforest / Terraced Rice Fields



Exercises

Exercise 1. Have a class debate between people representing thedeveloping countries and people representing the developedcountries OR write an essay comparing and contrasting the two.Characterize each side in terms of the issues surroundingpopulation growth, energy use, resource use, and sustainabledevelopment. Find common interests between the two.

Exercise 2. Look at the two virtual field trips and define each ofthe environments depicted in terms of the global carbon cyclediagram below. Assuming that the cycle is in balance, how wouldeach site change the balance.



Exercise 3. Develop a series of international agreements that wouldlead to the kind of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions calledfor in the Kyoto Protocol and that would satisfy the concerns forglobal equity between developed and developing countries.

Exercise 4. Using the table below keep track of your dailyactivities and how they affect the greenhouse gas crisis in theworld. What does each activity produce? Are the products positiveor negative. How do the sizes (volumes of gas) of the variousproducts vary? After you have created your table define yourpersonal global carbon footprint. Do you have a positive effect ora negative one?







1. As water cools below 4°C, it expands and becomes less dense. Why is this beneficial to organisms living in a lake during a cold winter?

2. Given that heat readily transfers between an organism’s body and water, what would you predict about the temperature of the boundary layer around an animal’s body compared to the temperature of the surrounding water in cold weather?

3. Based on the properties of water, why do non-polar compounds such as fats and oils not dissolve well in water?

4. In lakes around the world, some have thick deposits of limestone, which is made up of calcium carbonate, and are resistant to the effects of acid rain. What parallels can you draw between these lakes and the smokestack scrubbers being used in coal-powered factories?

5. Both saltwater and freshwater fish have adaptations to control the movement of water and salts across their external surfaces. Describe what would happen without these adaptations.

6. How would the process of natural selection favor the evolution of increased salt tolerance during the decades that cold regions of the world have increased the use of road salt, which ultimately finds its way into streams and lakes?

7. Using your knowledge of how CO2 dissolves and reacts in water, explain why global increases in atmospheric CO2 should cause a decrease in the pH of ocean water.

8. How would counter-current selection in fish gills be beneficial for an animal trying to get rid of CO2?

9. How might the use of isozymes permit an aquatic organism to persist with a gradual increase in thermal pollution but not a rapid increase in thermal pollution?

10. If the algae that live in corals need CO2 as a carbon source for photosynthesis, why do scientists argue that global increases in CO2 are playing a role in the decline in coral reefs around the world?

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