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provide a detailed outline of the cascade mechanisms involved inthe blood clotting process. Include information on the detailedprocesses of blood clot initiation and amplification, as well asinformation relating to clotting factors and relevantcofactors.

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Collen Von
Collen VonLv2
30 Sep 2019

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1. It is no disputing it that fat has gotten a bad rap. An alien visiting earth is certain to think that it is paramount that one should avoid lipids (fats) at all cost. Based on your knowledge of the digestive system physiology, specifically the importance of lipids in our diets, make an argument in defense of the virtues of lipids (fats), in an attempt to persuaded the alien, that it is essential to include lipids in our diet.

Your argument should have a minimum of two (2) important reasons. Additionally, it should be logical, accurate and supported. (2pts)

(i)

(ii)

3. Sally is given a regimen of a broad spectrum antibiotic for a lingering respiratory infection. She noticed after a few days, that she was having unexplained bruises and an increase in her clotting time (takes longer to clot). Based on your knowledge of blood clotting and its connection to the digestive system, list ONE digestive organ and ONE nutrient that are most likely responsible for Sally’s symptoms. Please give a physiological explanation for your choice of organ and nutrients. (2pts)

(i) Organ

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1. When a variable is regulated by negative feedback, its value fluctuates above and below the set point rather than being a constant.

True

False

2. When a blood vessel is damaged, platelets attach and recruit more platelets to the area. These new platelets recruit even more, quickly increasing the number of platelets until the damage is sealed with a blood clot. This amplification is an example of

negative feedback.

positive feedback.

3. Choose the statement that best exemplifies the interrelated nature of anatomy and physiology.

Simple squamous epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells, which is appropriate for organs where filtration and diffusion occur.

The ovaries are involved in the production of gametes as well as production of hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle.

The iris of the eye consists of two layers of smooth muscle innervated by the autonomic nervous system.

The stomach is involved in mechanical and chemical digestion, and secretes many enzymes as well as hormones.

1. In order for a hormone to cause a response, it must first bindto an appropriate receptor on its target cell. (Points: 1)
True
False


2. Disorders associated with the endocrine system can be caused byproblems with hormone production or lack of receptors for thehormones on the target cells. (Points: 1)
True
False


3. The levels of potassium and sodium in the body are regulatedprimarily by the hormone aldosterone. (Points: 1)
True
False


4. Nitric oxide is produced by cells lining the blood vessels; thischemical messenger regulates the contraction of smooth muscle inthe digestive tract as well as local blood flow in various tissuesof the body. (Points: 1)
True
False


5. Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by (Points:1)
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prolactin
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glucagon
insulin


6. Which of the following is true regarding estrogen andprogesterone? (Points: 1)
They are secreted by the ovaries.
They are released during a female's reproductive years.
They regulate the menstrual cycle.
They stimulate the development of female secondary sexcharacteristics.
all of the above


7. Which of the following is not a symptom of diabetes mellitus?(Points: 1)
blurred vision
high sodium concentration in the blood and urine
excessive thirst
tingling in the feet or hands
fatigue


8. Which of the following is required in the diet in order foractive thyroid hormones to be produced? (Points: 1)
calcium
phosphorus
iodine
zinc
iron


9. Which of the following nonhormonal chemical messengers isimportant in local control of blood flow and blood clotting?(Points: 1)
prostaglandins
nerve growth factor
tumor angiogenesis growth factor
histamine
epidermal growth factor


10. If diabetes is left untreated, which of the following coulddevelop as a result? (Points: 1)
neural disorders
kidney failure
blindness
cardiovascular disorders
all of the above


11. The process by which the blastocyst becomes buried within theendometrial lining of the uterus is: (Points: 1)
fertilization.
implantation.
morphogenesis.
differentiation
embryonic development.


12. The placenta forms from embryonic tissue and (Points: 1)
bone marrow
amniotic fluid
embryonic disk
endometrium
yolk sac


13. Which of the following organs is not fully developed in a fetusand is therefore bypassed by the ductus aerteriosus? (Points:1)
liver
pancreas
heart
lungs
bladder


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LH and FSH
oxytocin and prolactin
insulin
growth hormone
oxytocin and growth hormone


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respiratory
immune
integumentary
digestive
endocrine

________________________________________


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