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1) Why is it important for the vast majority of the population to be vaccinated?

it is important to vaccinate due to herd immunity. It not only protects you but the population around. thus increases your chances of not being infected.

2) Why is the rate of vaccination declining in the U.S.?

the rate of vaccination is declining due to people fearing the side affects or the "one percenters" that were fatal. it also comes from not having a true knowledge of how serious these diseases can be..

3) What is the danger of using anecdotal evidence instead of scientific fact to make medical decisions?

using factual information of vaccination can not only educate you but help save a life. by using anecdotal you can put you or someone else at risk. Nothing is 100% of the time. But if it works and can help save a life or more without harm, then why not?

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Collen Von
Collen VonLv2
30 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Provides substantial and thoughtful response, reflection – in-depth and detailed for the following post. Please don't copy past from the web

Tetanus; infamously known as lockjaw. This disease is found worldwide. Non-communicable diseases that will literally make your muscles tighten. Tetanus is not your typical disease. It is not spread person to person but through scraps, cuts, or any open wounds that break the skin. The incubation period for the disease is anywhere from 3-21 days depending on the wound and how contaminated the object was. The bacterium enters through these wounds and attacks the body affecting mostly the muscles. Most cases occur in people who are not vaccinated or do not maintain their boosters. Boosters are needed every ten years to prevent the disease. Although we cannot prevent injuries that cause the body harm we can prevent the disease from affecting our bodies through vaccination administration.

Tetanus cannot be tested but is diagnosed by physical examination conducted by a licensed physician. The diagnosis is based off physical examination and the reports from the patients about the symptoms they are experiencing. Some of those symptoms include; seizures, body aches, muscle spasms, jaw cramping, difficulty swallowing, headaches, fever, sweating, changes in blood pressure, and changes in their heart rate. Other complications can develop depending on a person's individual health and health history.

The best way to prevent Tetanus is by preventing it with the Tetanus vaccination and the boosters that are needed every ten years. This vaccination could be administered by a number of ways. There are four different types of combinations that include the Tetanus vaccination; Diphtherias & Tetanus (DT), Diphtherias, Tetanus, & Pertussis (DTaP), Tetanus & Diphtherias (Td), and Tetanus, Diphtherias, & Pertussis (Tdap).Tetanus is administered at six weeks old, ten weeks old, and fourteen weeks old. Boosters are given three different times during childhood to keep the children up to date on vaccinations that prevent the disease. People affected by Tetanus are not immune to getting Tetanus again like some other known diseases.

According to the CDC (Center for Disease Control) in their article about Tetanus they reported that Tetanus cases have been on the decline by more than 95% because of the increase in vaccinations being distributed worldwide. The CDC also reported that deaths in the United States are on the decline and have declined more than 99%. According to WHO (World Health Organization) in 2016 there are only 13, 502 reported cases globally. They also reported that 86% of the world is covered by the Tetanus vaccination. According to the World Health Organization there are currently 8 countries in the world that have 50% of their population affected by Tetanus. The other 50% are reported to have received their Tetanus vaccination. Majority of those countries are found in the middle of Africa. There are currently 27 countries in the world that 50-79% of their population who have received their vaccinations. There are also 130 countries that have over 90% of their population who have been vaccinated.

Tetanus is a vaccine preventable disease in which everyone can be affected by. Vaccinations are currently a controversial topic everywhere. Vaccinations play an important role in helping prevent disease like Tetanus.

References:

1. About Tetanus. (article). Retrieved September 1, 2017 from https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/about/index.html

2. Tetanus. (article). Retrieved August 30, 2017 from www.who.int/immunization/diseases/tetanus/en/

Provides substantial and thoughtful response, reflection – in-depth and detailed for the following post. Please don't copy past from the web

Mumps was common in World War I many troop members caught this infectious disease which leads them to hospitalization. It is also important to remember that even those who are vaccinated are still at risk for developing mumps. Mumps is a highly contagious viral disease that has continued to spread globally. This viral infection affects the parotid glands which produces saliva and are located below and in front of your ears. If you or your child develops Mumps, it can cause swelling of one or both parotid glands. Mumps outbreaks were extremely common in the United States until vaccination became routine. Since then the number of cases has dropped significantly in the United States but is still a problem in other regions of the world.

Mumps is rarely life threatening illness, but it can cause a serious discomfort in those infected. The swelling of the parotid gland lasts over a week, and it can affect feeling in the jaw. Orchitis, or inflammation of one or both testicles, is commonly seen in male patients who have reached puberty but rarely causes sterility. Low-grade fevers, headaches, and general malaise are common complaints, with a small percentage of patients displaying symptoms of viral meningitis. Rare cases of mumps can cause infection of the brain, and inflammation of the covering of the brain and spinal cord. Other complications also include arthritis, kidney and pancreases problems, deafness, and inflammation of the ovaries.

Although there is no specific treatment for mumps, it can be prevented with the vaccine. The vaccine after exposure has not been found to be protective. However, only 120 countries have the vaccine for Mumps, and that leaves countries without it suffering and could lead to serious health problems. One country that does not have this vaccine is India, and there has been a rapid growth in Mumps over the years, and it is mainly affecting children. Mumps outbreaks or sporadic cases have been periodically reported from the States of Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. India is very limited on information and data regarding mumps. The cost of the vaccine for India would offset the burden of this infectious disease.

China is one country that has a vaccination for mumps this came out in 2008 since then mumps have decreased. Except 2013-2015 a natural epidemic pattern of mumps has slightly changed making the vaccine less affective than before. During this period studies showed that mumps had decreased among teens/children and had increased in adults. These recent outbreaks have caused wide concerns regarding the vaccine and how affective it is.

In conclusion, mumps is a disease that has been around for decades. It also has the potential to have sporadic outbreaks, and it mainly affects children. In the emerging world, not all vaccines work because our bodies get used to the disease and also it can change naturally during the time. With the progression of modern technology, we can only hope that we find a way to prevent mumps altogether. Mumps is not the most serious disease, but it can cause pain and has the potential to be extremely dangerous.

Citations:

Burnett, M. (2017). An ongoing series.

Paul, S. (2017). Investigating Mumps Outbreak in Odisha, India: An Opportunity to Assess the Health System by Utilizing the Essential Public Health Services Framework.

A. C. (2017). Mumps Epidemiology and Mumps Virus Genotypes Circulating in Mainland China during 2013-2015.

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What is a population? How can you identify a population in nature?

What is the ultimate source of random variation in a population? Is this the only source of variation, why or why not?

What is a gene pool? Why is it important to our study of evolution?

How is variation inherited in a population? HINT: There are at least two main contributors to this variation. You should be focusing on gametes!

What is microevolution versus macroevolution?

How do the peppered moths show us microevolution in nature? Why is this NOT macroevolution? HINT: you should consider alleles and mating in your answer.

Do you believe that the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is common in nature? Why or why not? In your answer, you should incorporate your knowledge of populations, evolution, and genetics.

Evolution is driven by adaptation and natural selection. In populations, we refer to organisms that are “most fit.” Explain how evolution and the environment would result in organisms that are “most fit.” In your answer, indicate whether the “most fit” organism today is likely to be the “most fit” organism in the future and why.

Microevolution is a change in the frequency of ___________________ in a population but has not resulted in a speciation event thus far. Given this, what factors could lead to a speciation event for this population?

How would you know that a population had divided into two different species (macroevolution)? How could you test for a speciation event experimentally?

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