Genome wide association studies (GWAS) are used to identify human genes that contribute to complex traits. Describe the genetic basis of complex traits, in terms of the effect of mutations, the frequency of mutations and how many genes contribute, and give an example of a human condition that has been studied using GWAS.

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Jean KeelingLv2

28 Sep 2019

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The ___ was a massive scientific undertaking meant to identify and sequence all of the genes found In a human cell. This is just one example of ______, the branch of biology that studies whole_____ , which are the complete sets of DNA found within organisms. One of the interesting conclusions from this project was that only about 1.5% of human DNA encodes for_____ . Although it was groundbreaking for its time, it is now fairly routine to completely sequence the DNA of an organism using the ______ method. In this method, the DNA is chopped up with restriction enzymes, the fragments are sequenced, and then they are reassembled into one continuous sequence. Through such analyses, scientists are learning much about human DNA and its relation to other species.

Terms:

proteins

genomics

genomes

genetic engineering

whole-genome shotgun

Human Genome Project

lavendercamel236

The Human Genome Project (HGP) has provided us with a map of our entire genetic code. Studying the human genome may help us discover the answers to many questions including: how many genes we have, how specific genes work, how living things have evolved, how single cells can develop into complex organisms, and how what's in our DNA can cause us to become ill. Most people would say that this information could provide information that would lead to developments in medicine and new ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat diseases. Some people, however, have also acknowledged the dangers of this kind of information, for example genetic profiling might lead to discrimination. Some examples might be that if it is determined by genetic testing that a person has a high risk of developing cancer, should employers be allowed to refuse employment on these grounds? Should insurance companies be allowed to deny them health insurance? What are some of the ethical or other questions that you think can result because of the HGP? As an individual, how might you live your life differently if you know about your genetic predispositions?

crimsondeer38

Disease: Bipolar Disorder

1. In order to find the genes influencing this disease or condition, which database would you use first? We used: BLAST.

2. Approximately how many genes (or DNA elements) are involved in this disease or condition? Explain how you came up with this number.

3. Provide the genetic symbol of one of the protein-coding gene involved in this disease or condition. Explain how you know this gene is a protein-coding gene.

4. What is the cytogenetic location of this gene in Question 3? Explain what this location means.

5.What is the function of the protein coded by this gene in question 3?

6. All human diseases and traits are polygenic. Explain what "polygenic" means in this context.

7. Explain how you could find out if C. elegans has a protein similar to the one in Quesion 5?