Question 1 (1 point)Save Question 1Save
Which of the following will increase blood flow to a given regionof the body?
A smaller pressure gradient between the arteries and thatregion.
Vasoconstriction of the arterioles feeding that region.
An increase in blood viscosity via dehydration.
An increase in diameter of the arterioles feeding the region.
Question 2 (1 point)Save Question 2Save
Which of the following statements pertaining to the innervation ofthe heart is TRUE?
The heart is directly activated by the somatic nervoussystem.
The heart muscle is directly activated by the autonomic nervoussystem.
NE released by sympathetic neurons binds to beta-adrenergicreceptors and increases heart rate.
ACh released by parasympathetic neurons binds to nicotinicreceptors and decreases heart rate.
Question 3 (1 point)Save Question 3Save
The prolonged depolarization in cardiac myocytes is due primarilyto which channel type?
Voltage-gated sodium channels
Voltage-gated potassium channels
Funny (F-type) sodium channels
Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels
Question 4 (1 point)Save Question 4Save
Which of the following statements about the pacemaker potentialgenerated by the SA node is FALSE?
Its intrinsic rate is about 70 depolarizations per minute.
The rate of depolarization can be affected by autonomicinnervation.
Funny (F-type) sodium channels play a role in the gradualdepolarization.
In the complete absence of extrinsic input (hormones or neurons),the SA node will continue to depolarize
Question 5 (1 point)Save Question 5Save
Match the description in the left hand column with the terms in theright hand column that BEST correspond (one match per term, allselections are used).
The period of the cardiac cycle when the heart is contracting
The period during diastole when the pressure in the atria exceedsthe pressure in the ventricles.
The period during systole when all heart valves are closed.
The difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolicvolume.
The period of the cardiac cycle when the heart is relaxing.
1.
Systole
2.
Diastole
3.
Stroke volume
4.
Isovolumetric contraction
5.
Ventricular filling
Question 1 (1 point)Save Question 1Save
Which of the following will increase blood flow to a given regionof the body?
A smaller pressure gradient between the arteries and thatregion.
Vasoconstriction of the arterioles feeding that region.
An increase in blood viscosity via dehydration.
An increase in diameter of the arterioles feeding the region.
Question 2 (1 point)Save Question 2Save
Which of the following statements pertaining to the innervation ofthe heart is TRUE?
The heart is directly activated by the somatic nervoussystem.
The heart muscle is directly activated by the autonomic nervoussystem.
NE released by sympathetic neurons binds to beta-adrenergicreceptors and increases heart rate.
ACh released by parasympathetic neurons binds to nicotinicreceptors and decreases heart rate.
Question 3 (1 point)Save Question 3Save
The prolonged depolarization in cardiac myocytes is due primarilyto which channel type?
Voltage-gated sodium channels
Voltage-gated potassium channels
Funny (F-type) sodium channels
Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels
Question 4 (1 point)Save Question 4Save
Which of the following statements about the pacemaker potentialgenerated by the SA node is FALSE?
Its intrinsic rate is about 70 depolarizations per minute.
The rate of depolarization can be affected by autonomicinnervation.
Funny (F-type) sodium channels play a role in the gradualdepolarization.
In the complete absence of extrinsic input (hormones or neurons),the SA node will continue to depolarize
Question 5 (1 point)Save Question 5Save
Match the description in the left hand column with the terms in theright hand column that BEST correspond (one match per term, allselections are used).
The period of the cardiac cycle when the heart is contracting
The period during diastole when the pressure in the atria exceedsthe pressure in the ventricles.
The period during systole when all heart valves are closed.
The difference between end-diastolic volume and end-systolicvolume.
The period of the cardiac cycle when the heart is relaxing.
1.
Systole
2.
Diastole
3.
Stroke volume
4.
Isovolumetric contraction
5.
Ventricular filling
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QUESTION 1
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
As the stick pierces the skin, which of the following will not happen?
| a. | The stick goes through a layer of connective tissue | |
| b. | The stick goes through a layer of epithelial tissue | |
| c. | The stick will damage collagen fibers | |
| d. | The stick will go through a layer of connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and damage collagen fibers. All of the listed events will happen. |
QUESTION 2
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
The stick pierced your crural region. Which bone could be damaged?
| a. | Femur | |
| b. | Humerus | |
| c. | Clavicle | |
| d. | Tibia |
QUESTION 3
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
What immediate impact will blood loss have on blood pressure?
| a. | Blood pressure will increase. | |
| b. | Blood pressure will decrease. | |
| c. | Blood pressure will stay the same. |
QUESTION 4
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Which division of your autonomic motor system would be activated in this situation?
| a. | Visceral | |
| b. | Sympathetic | |
| c. | Parasympathetic | |
| d. | Somatic |
QUESTION 5
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
You are obviously feeling a lot of pain. This is an example of a function of your:
| a. | Visceral sensory nervous system | |
| b. | Somatic sensory nervous system | |
| c. | Autonomic sensory nervous system | |
| d. | Parasympathetic motor nervous system. |
QUESTION 6
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
What will be the most immediate effector response (the first few seconds after the event)?
| a. | Increase in kidney filtration rate | |
| b. | Increase in venous return | |
| c. | Increase in vasoconstriction of your arterioles | |
| d. | Decrease in cardiac output |
QUESTION 7
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Since you have damaged a blood vessel, you must stop the blood loss. Which of the following is a process to stop this type of blood loss?
| a. | Hemopoiesis | |
| b. | Hemostasis | |
| c. | Agglutination | |
| d. | Refurberation |
QUESTION 8
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
What is the second stage in the process of preventing blood loss?
| a. | Platelet plug formation | |
| b. | Fibrination | |
| c. | Coagulation | |
| d. | Capillary spasm |
QUESTION 9
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Since you have lost blood, you have also lost the proteins in the blood such as fibrinogen and albumin. How will these proteins be replaced?
| a. | You must ingest them in their final form | |
| b. | The spleen will make them | |
| c. | The liver will make them | |
| d. | The immune cells will make them |
QUESTION 10
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Red blood cells need to be replaced as well. How will this be accomplished?
| a. | Current red blood cells will divide by mitosis | |
| b. | White blood cells will divide by mitosis and the new cells will turn red | |
| c. | The spleen will make new red blood cells | |
| d. | The red bone marrow will make new blood cells |
QUESTION 11
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
When blood is lost, blood pressure decreases. Which hormone(s) would you expect to be released by this stimulus?
| a. | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | |
| b. | Angiotensin II | |
| c. | Epinephrine | |
| d. | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Angiotensin II, and Epinephrine. |
QUESTION 12
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Which of the following will actually make blood pressure decrease further?
| a. | Increase cardiac contractility (and increase cardiac output) | |
| b. | Increase vasoconstriction | |
| c. | Increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | |
| d. | Increase heartrate |
QUESTION 13
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract would
| a. | Increase | |
| b. | Decrease |
QUESTION 14
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
You would find that the pH of the blood has decreased. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?
| a. | Cells are not receiving enough oxygen, have switched to anaerobic respiration, and are producing lactic acid. | |
| b. | Platelets are trying to stop blood loss and they release H+ as part of the coagulation process | |
| c. | The blood lose stimulates the stomach to release H+ into the blood and HCO3- into the stomach lumen | |
| d. | You are hyperventilating and exhaling additional CO2 |
QUESTION 15
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
Urine production would
| a. | Increase | |
| b. | Decrease |
QUESTION 16
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
The stick was covered in bacteria. Which immune system cells (of the innate immune system) would be the first to respond to the site of damage?
| a. | Lymphocytes | |
| b. | Neutrophils | |
| c. | Cytotoxic T-cells | |
| d. | Plasma cells |
QUESTION 17
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
The stick pierces the crural region. What muscle could this damage?
| a. | Biceps femoris | |
| b. | Serratus anterior | |
| c. | Orbicularis oris | |
| d. | Gastrocnemius |
QUESTION 18
Situation: you decide to go hiking by yourself far from medical assistance. On your hike, you have a backpack full of food and water. As you are hiking, you accidentally trip and impale yourself on a stick which causes you to lose a significant amount of blood (10-15% of your total blood volume). Answer the following questions:
After you get home from your ordeal, you notice there is swelling around the injury site. Eventually, fluid from the tissue will be directly picked up by the [blank].
| a. | Immune cells | |
| b. | Lymphatic system | |
| c. | Arteries | |
| d. | Small intestine |