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Two (2) liters of a hypotonic 0.5% NaCl solution is infused intothe extracellular fluid compartment of a 40 Kg dog with initialplasma osmolarity = 300 milliosmoles/liter. After equilibration,what will the extracellular fluid volume, intracellular fluidvolume, and plasma osmolarity be? Molecular weight of NaCl =58.5

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Elin Hessel
Elin HesselLv2
28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

You are a third-year medical student, alone in the hospital emergency room. It is a quiet night and the residents are getting some needed sleep. A patient, Ms M.B., is brought in showing serious signs of dehydration. You try to give her water but she vomits it up. Feeling that you must try something else and not wanting to wake the residents, you administer 1 liter of sterile distilled water intravenously. For simplicity assume the RBC’s have an osmolarity of 300 mOsm/Liter and that all of the particles in the RBC’s are non-penetrating. Also assume that the infused water does not move into the extracellular compartment but stays in the circulatory system. Prior to the IV Ms M.B.s plasma volume was 3 L and her RBC volume was 2L. Please Show all of your work with your calculations.

a. Calculate Ms M.B.’s plasma osmolarity after the infusion has mixed with her plasma but before any diffusion across RBC membranes.
b. Calculate the plasma and RBC osmolarity after the infused water equilibrated between her plasma and RBC’s.

c. What would the final plasma volume and RBC volume be after the water had equilibrated?

Ed Rivers, a 3rd year medicalstudent, was alone in the hospital ER one night. It was unusuallyquiet that night, and the resident was getting some much neededsleep. A patient, Mrs. X, was brought in showing signs of seriousdehydration. Ed tried to give here water, but she vomited this backup. Feeling he must try something, and not wanting to wake theresident, Ed administered 1 liter of sterile distilled water IV.Assume for simplicity that the red blood cells contain only solutesto which the rbc membrane is impermeable, and that the rbcs andplasma are in osmotic equilibrium when the patient is brought in.The osmolarity of the rbc is 300 mOsm/L.

2. The volume of Mrs. X’s plasma was 3liters before Ed administered the IV. Assume that there was acomplete mixing of the administered water with her plasma but nomixing with her interstitial fluid. Calculate Mrs. X’s plasmaosmolarity after the infusion mixed with her plasma but before anywater entered the rbcs.

Hint: What was the total # of mOsmin her plasma before the infusion? Once the plasma volume isincreased by 1 L, the total # of mOsm remains the same, but thevolume has changed. Now what is the new osmolarity (mOsm/L?) Doesthis fit your prediction, above?

Mrs. X got much worse after the Ed’streatment, so the resident was called. She drew some blood from thepatient and centrifuged it. The supernatant above the packed rbcswas pink. The resident then decided to infuse a sucrose solutioninto the patient (the rbc membrane is impermeable to sucrose).

3. Why was the plasma pink?

4. Had Ed given Mrs. X a sucrose solutioninstead of water, he might have helped her. What concentration ofsucrose solution should he have administered to leave her rbcvolume unaffected?

1. In lecture, we described a simple osmotic pressure gradient when discussing osmosis. For question #1, describe the simple osmotic pressure gradient, in terms of osmotic pressure, that exists across the red blood cell plasma membrane when red blood cells are suspended in a severely hypotonic solution, such as a 0.2% NaCl solution. Use scientific terminology.

2. We mentioned in class that biological systems are always in a state of osmotic equilibrium due to a combination of solute diffusion in some cases and osmosis in others. In this experiment, when you add the red blood cells to a severely hypotonic solution, what substances are moving across the red blood cell plasma membrane to achieve osmotic equilibrium, Na+ and Cl- or water? Explain why based on your understanding of the permeability characteristics of biological membrane. Always use scientific language.

CAN QUESTIONS 1 AND 2 BE ANSWERED DIRECTLY AND ADEQUATLEY PLEASE.

HERE IS AN INTRO TO THE LAB EXPERIMENT

Intro:

We have known for a very long time that the mammalian red blood cell plasma membrane is very permeable to water. Even the introductory biology student understands that if you put mammalian red blood cells in water, they will rapidly swell and break open (hemolyze) due to the rapid osmosis of water into the cell. The experimental question we are asking in today's lab experiment is "Is the high water permability of mammalian red blood cell plasma membrane due solely to the lipid bilayer, or are there water channels present in the membrane?"

Experimental Design:

It has been shown by several investigators that water movement through water channels can be blocked by the known K+ channel blocker, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC). Brooks, Regan and Yool (2000) showed that TEAC reduces the water permeability of human water channels expressed in the plasma membranes of frog ocytes. After preincubation of the oocytes for 15 min with 100 microM TEAC, the water permeability of frog oocyte plasma membrane containing human water channels was reduced 20 to 40%. The investigators concluded that treatment of cells with TEAC can be useful in determining the presence of aquaporins in membranes.The specific objective of today's experiment is to uncover the presence of water channels in mammalian red blood cell plasma membrane by determining the effect of tetraethylammonium chloride on the water permeability of mammalian RBC plasma membrane.

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