Question

1. Readthe following statements carefully and indicate whether they aretrue (T) or false (F). (1 mark each)

a) TheCalvin cycle is named after the city of Calvin in Iowa, whereresearch on photosynthesis was done in 1948. ____
b) The potato is a storage root. ____
c) Krebs cycle occurs on the membrane of plant mitochondria.____
d) Lawn grass is a perennial plant species. ____
e) Rubisco is the most abundant molecule on Earth. ____
f) A high concentration of [K+] ions in guard cells causes stomatato open. ____
g) Cyclic electron flow in the light dependent reactions transferselectrons to the cytochrome complex and generates NADPH. ____
h) Lateral (secondary) growth cannot occur in monocot stems due tothe absence of a cambium layer. ____
i) The loss of electrons by a molecule means it is oxidized.____
j) A monoecious plant has male and female flowers on differentparts of the same plant. ____
k) Short-day plants require a minimum number of hours of completedarkness to flower. ____
l) In Krebs cycle, the conversion of glyceraldehyde phosphate to1,3 bisphosphoglycerate is accompanied by the production of
NADH. ____
m) It is possible to produce an entire plant from a single leafcell. ____
n) Substrate level phosphorylation and photophosphorylation bothproduce ATP in a similar fashion. ____
o) A plant with 8 sets of chromosomes in each cell is called anoctaplural. ____
p) Plant responses to environmental stress involve changes at boththe gene and protein level. ____

2. Fillin the blanks with a 1-2 word answer. (1 mark per blank)

a) Themost abundant polysaccharide in plant cells is __________ .
b) The most important cell type in plants which provides structuralsupport is ____ .
c) The term used to describe the development of a fruit withoutfertilization is ____.
d) The total yield of energy carrying molecules from glycolysis forone glucose molecule is _______ and ________ .
e) The specific reaction step in Krebs cycle where FAD is reducedto FADH2 involves the conversion of ________ to
___________ .
f) An example of a plant which must reproduce asexually is__________ .
g) During photosynthesis, the molecule which receives electronsfrom the cytochrome complex is called __________ .
h) Phloem consists of two cell types called _____________ and___________.
i) The tissue type found in the growing tips of shoots and roots iscalled _________ and the tissue type which provides aprotective
layer is called ____________ .
j) A reaction center of the light-harvesting complex inphotosynthesis consists of ______ and _________ .
k) A porphyrin ring is found in each molecule of _________.

5. For each term provided in the column A below, choose the mostappropriate matching term in column B. Indicate in the answer
column what that matching term is.
Note: Each term in column B must only be used once. (10 marks)

Column A Answercolumn Column B

ATP _____________ a)tracheids
CAM _____________ b)iron
Sucrose _____________ c)cristae
C3plant _____________ d)corn
Macronutrient _____________ e)cell elongation
Wood _____________ f)cucumber
C4plant _____________ g)calcium
Pits _____________ h)pineapple
Micronutrient _____________ i) phloem
Auxin _____________ j) xylem

14. (4m) What are the osmotic and ionic challenges faced byfreshwater fish and how do they overcome these challenges?

15. (5m) What are the sources of nitrogenous wastes inanimals?
Relate the three types of nitrogenous wastes to the respectivemodes of life of animals.

16. (7m) Describe and compare digestion in a gastrovascularcavity and in the vertebrate digestive system. What features makethe
vertebrate system more efficient?

17. (4m) Special adaptations of the nervous system result inthe