1.How many total base pairs are in all the mammalian genes?2.What proportion (%) of the total genome does this represent?3.What is the probability that a random mutation will occur in any given gene?4.Only 1 out of 3 mutations that occur in a gene result in a change to the protein structure. What is the probability that a random mutation will change the structure of a protein?

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Sixta KovacekLv2

28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Suppose that, in a given protein, one lysine is replaced by aspartic acid. Does this charge occur in the primary structure or in the secondary structure? How might it result in a change in tertiary structure? In quaternary structure? Would this be considered a mutation? In humans mutations can lead to a number of diseases or disorders, please list one and detail/ describe the mutation along with the disease/ disorder.

amaranthserval39

A. What is the name of the main enzyme that performs transcription?

B. What is a mutation?

C. Why is the genetic code said to be degenerate?

D. How can a single base mutation (a change in a single nucleotide or base) result in a silent mutation, i.e. that does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence?

E. How can a change in a DNA nucleotide lead to a change in the protein?

F. How can knowing the 3D structure of a protein help scientists design effective drugs?

greenskunk262

1.) Choose the best response for each.

a.) The Ames test is commonly used to test whether a particular chemical is mutagenic. When you conduct an Ames test, you need two groups of plates. One group of plates contains bacteria that are exposed to the chemical of interest, while the other plates contain bacteria that are not exposed to the chemical. Why is the latter group needed if you are just interested in the rate of mutation caused by the chemical?

The group without the chemical can be exposed to mammalian liver extract to see the effects of liver enzymes on the bacteria.

Having two groups allows researchers to compare the effects of different environments on the mutation rate

It is important to compare the rate of mutations with the chemical to the normal background mutation rate. Mutations occur spontaneously even without the presence of a mutagen.

The second group is used as a control to make sure that the replica plating technique is done correctly.

b.) Frameshift mutations can be very severe. What is one reason why they are often so serious?

When a frameshift mutation occurs, it causes transition mutations to occur. These are particularly severe.

When a frameshift mutation occurs, it causes changes in many bases downstream and can affect many of the amino acids in the protein.

Frameshift mutations always occur in the regulatory region, so they cause a gene to be turned off and then the protein is not produced at all.

When a frameshift mutation occurs, it causes changes in many bases upstream and can affect many of the amino acids in the protein.

c.) An organism that cannot synthesize methionine is called __________.

a mutant

a prototroph