explain how the body establishes a pressure gradient for fluid flow.
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How does the body establish a pressure gradient for fluid flow?
QUESTION 1
Describe in detail the route of electron flow from NADH to oxygen that establishes a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
QUESTION 2
When the F1 portion of the ATP synthase complex is removed from the mitochondrial membrane and studied in solution, it functions as an ATPase. Why does it not function as an ATP synthase?
For each, describe how the pressure gradient might be altered,how this would affect the movement of the fluid, and what thephysiological outcome would be.
1. blood movement in heart
2. CSF in brain
3. In lungs (oxygen)