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21- All living things have 1 of 2 possible cell types. What are these two cell types and how is one type

distinguished from the other. Living organisms can be classified into 3 domains. What are the 3 domains.

22. Be familiar with the terms that describe the shape and arrangement of bacteria.

23. Be familiar with bacterial cell structure and function, including the external components of the cell, the

cell wall, the cell membrane, and internal structures.

24. What distinguishes a Gram-positive bacterium from a Gram-negative bacterium.

25. Microbial growth.

a. What are the physical requirements for growth.

b. What are the chemical requirements for growth.

c. How can bacteria be classified based on their oxygen requirements, temperature preferences, and pH preferences.

d. Bacterial cells divide by a process called binary fission.

e. What are the 4 phases of a typical bacterial growth curve.How does one measure bacterial growth.

26. Metabolism

a. catabolism versus anabolism

b. What are enzymes and how do they work.

c. What is an oxidation and what is a reduction.

d. fermentation versus respiration; What are the stages/steps of respiration/fermentation.

e. aerobic respiration versus anaerobic respiration

f. What is (are) the terminal electron acceptor(s) in fermentation and in aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

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Related questions

HELP WITH BIO MULTI CHOICE QUESTIONS:

QUESTION 2

Which of the following structures discussed in class is NOT found on all bacteria?
Flagella
Capsid
Fimbria
Plasma membrane


QUESTION 3
You are presented with a strain of bacteria that is resistant to the antibiotic penicillin. What steps would you take to confirm that you have a resistant bacterium?
Perform a Gram stain to determine pink stained Gram-positive bacteria.
Perform a Gram stain to determine purple stained Gram-positive bacteria.
Perform a Gram stain to determine pink stained Gram-negative bacteria.
Perform a Gram stain to determine purple stained Gram-negative bacteria.

QUESTION 4
With respect to bacterial growth into a fresh culture tube containing nutrient broth, at which phase do organisms undergo binary fission the most rapidly?
Lag phase
Stationary
Exponential
death

QUESTION 5
How would antibiotic resistance be passed from one bacterium to another bacterium?
Through the flagella via a plasmid.
Through the sex pilus via chromosomal DNA.
Through the sex pilus via a plasmid.
Through the flagella via chromosomal DNA.

QUESTION 6
When an F plasmid integrates into the host chromosome, the strain is referred to as

Hfr.
F'.
F-.
F+.

QUESTION 7
If you remove the peptidoglycan layer from a Gram-positive cell, it would still stain purple with a Gram stain (T/F).
True
False

QUESTION 8
During infection with a bacteriophage, bacterial DNA is packaged into a capsid and will:

be integrated into the genome of a new bacterium upon ligation.
be integrated into the genome of a new virion upon recombination.
be integrated into the genome of a new bacterium upon recombination.
be integrated into the genome of a new virion upon liagation.

QUESTION 9
Which of the following statements best describes most bacteria?
They are generally harmful.
They are limited to living in a few habitats.
They are very common in the environment.
They are responsible for the Γ’Β€Βœcommon cold.Ҁ


QUESTION 10
Prokaryotes lack some parts found in eukaryotic cells, including which item?
a nuclear membrane
DNA
one or more chromosomes
a plasma membrane
all of the above

QUESTION 11
With respect to gram negative bacteria, what is the order of the bacterial cell structure from outside to inside?
Thin peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

thick peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

outer membrane, thick peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane

outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan layer, plasma membrane


QUESTION 12
In transformation, a piece of DNA from a dead host can be taken up by living host

True
False

Question 1

A microorganism's ability to use a harmful pesticide as a source of carbon and energy is an example of

Select one:

a. chemoautotrophy

b. nitrogen fixation

c. bioremediation

d. photoautotrophy

e. biosynthesis

Question 2

Autotrophs and heterotrophs differ in

Select one:

a. their ability to utilize CO2 as a sole carbon source.

b. their ability to incorporate CO2 into cells.

c. only a few enzymes.

d. their ability to synthesize precursor molecules.

e. their ability to utilize CO2 as a sole energy source.

Question 3

If the amino acid valine constituted approximately 4% of the total cell protein of a bacterium, how much valine should be added to a defined medium in order to grow 1 gram of this organism?

Select one:

a. 0.2 mg

b. 2 mg

c. 20 mg

d. 40 mg

e. 200 mg

Question 4

Transport of HPO4 along with a proton (H+) is an example of

Select one:

a. antiport

b. uniport

c. facilitated diffusion

d. symport

e. group translocation

Question 5

The energy required for transport via ABC transporters is derived from

Select one:

a. a proton gradient

b. an electrical charge separation across the membrane

c. ATP hydrolysis

d. a symport mechanism

e. a high energy phosphate bond of PEP

Question 6

The spread plate method would clearly be preferred over the pour plate method when isolating colonies of

Select one:

a. anaerobic bacteria

b. thermophilic bacteria

c. bacteria from temperate lake zones

d. purple non-sulfur bacteria

e. agar-degrading bacteria

Question 7

Enrichment culture procedures for many microorganisms require intial growth in liquid media, followed by growth on solid media. The solid media is used to

Select one:

a. provide proper growth conditions.

b. isolate single colonies of the microbes.

c. get rid of competing microorganisms.

d. isolate strict aerobes.

e. enrich for specific nutrients.

Question 8

The optical density of light scattered by bacteria is a very useful tool for estimating population size. What can alter the bacteria's light-scattering properties?

Select one:

a. Cell volume depending on its growth stage

b. The condition of being absent of microorganisms.

c. The amount of light projected from the room.

d. The standard curve

e. Standard deviation from growth curve.

Question 9

What is true about a bacterial colony?

Select one:

a. It arises from an individual cell and represents an isolate strain.

b. Colonies, and CFU (colony forming units) on streak plates represent a diverse microbial culture.

c. In order to obtain a colony, on must perform cloning steps.

d. Axenic cultures to not represent CFUs or colonies.

e. Colonies require differential media in order to separate them from the population.

Question 10

What is a biofilm?

Select one:

a. All cells in a population achieve a steady state

b. A specialized, surface-attached, collaborative community of bacteria

c. A complex media made of the chemical building blocks that a cell needs

d. A type of anaerobic growth chamber.

e. A type of spore

Chapter 7: Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, andGrowth.


Please be sure to include 2 days of posting forthis chapter.

Select one of the following and discuss:

  • Types of nutrients (essential, micro, macro and traceelements)
  • Carbon-based nutrition types: heterotroph, autotroph,phototroph, chemotrophs
  • Chemical analysis of cell contents
  • Methanogens
  • Saprobic microbes
  • Parasitic microbes
  • Diffusion vs. Osmosis
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Temperatures: psychrophile, mesophile, thermophile
  • Gas requirements: obligate aerobes (give examples)
  • Gas requirements: obligate anaerobes (give examples)
  • Gas requirements: facultative anaerobes (give examples)
  • Microaerophiles vs. aerotolerant anaerobes
  • Capnophiles
  • pH: neutrophiles, acidophiles and alkalinophiles
  • Osmotic pressure: halophiles and osmotolerant
  • Barophiles
  • Relationships: symbiosis
  • Relationships: mutualism
  • Relationships: commensalism
  • Synergism and antagonism
  • Interactions between microbes and humans
  • Biofilms--quorum sensing
  • Basis of population growth: binary fission
  • Generation time-exponential
  • Steps of Growth curve (visual on page 210)
  • Other methods to analyze population growth (direct count,automated counters, turbidity)

Please change the subject line to the topic you picked,we can avoid similar topics this way.

If two chapters are being discussed: the first post is due byMonday at 11:59pm and the second chapter is due by Wednesday at11:59pm. Each original post for the individual chapters MUST beposted on different days. Any replies can be made on the same dayas an original post but you are required to complete four separatedays of posting (not four posts in one day). When two chapters arebeing discussed you should post 2 times for each chapter for atotal of 4 posts. Posts done on topics already discussed will notbe given credit. Please read through the entire discussion boardbefore choosing a topic to post on.

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