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plummule371Lv1

28 Sep 2019

Track the ingestion and digestion of a ham-and-cheese sandwich on whole wheat bread with lettuce, green pepper, and tomatoes. Describe the fate of this sandwich from the time you eat it. Be very detailed regarding the digestive process, location, enzyme action, and use of accessory organs of digestion

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Bunny GreenfelderLv2

28 Sep 2019

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Matt and Maria have now received and begun to eat their Chinese takeout. They have accomplished biting off a portion of a piece of their General Tso's chicken and rice and proceeded to chew and swallow. For this report, you will describe the path the chicken and rice follows and the physiological processing that take place to convert the chicken and rice into their nutritional components that can be used by the body for energy and homeostatic processes. Consider the following as you proceed through your research and discussion of this topic.

1.Through which organs, and in what order does the bolus of food travel?

2. How long does the food remain in each segment of the digestive tract and what physiological processing takes place during this time?

3. What role does the autonomic nervous system play in controlling the movement of food through the digestive tract? What other physical or physiological factors can impact the movement of food though the digestive tract?

4. What specific enzyme or other digestive substances are associated with each segment of the digestive tract and which cells produce these substances? What specific components of the chicken and rice (proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) are processed by each of these substances?

5. What role do the accessory digestive organs play in the process? What are the specific cells of each of these accessory organs and what substances do they produce? Where in the digestive tract are the substances introduced into the digestive process?

6.What is the ultimate fate of the digested chicken and rice? What was the initial biological structure of the nutritional components first consumed (example proteins breaking down to their simpler components) and what are the resulting products resulting from digestion that are now ready and available for use by the body for energy and homeostasis?

7. What is the fate of the solid and fluid components that are not absorbed into the body? When and where does control of movement of digestive tract content transition from the autonomic nervous system controlled smooth muscles to peripheral nervous system control of voluntary skeletal muscles?

peachbat46

QUESTION 11

A sustainable environment means to be maintained indefinitely and when we use products that have been altered by GMO's, genetically modified organisms, those crops cannot reproduce themselves.

True

False

5.00000 points

QUESTION 12

Which foods would not make a complement of 20 amino acids, to make a complete protein?

		Corn and beans
		Brown rice and peas
		Peanut butter and white bread
		Yogurt and walnuts

5.00000 points

QUESTION 13

Which nutrition tip would you not recommend?

		It is recommended to chew your food well.
		It is recommended to go long periods of time without eating to loose weight.
		When you eat out you can expect to get more salt and fat from the food.
		Eating often will not cause weight gain because one is less likely to overeat.

5.00000 points

QUESTION 14

Regarding fiber, which one is not correct?

		If you want to add fiber in your diet also eat the seeds and skins in fruits and vegetables.
		The removal of the outer husk or bran from our wheat diminished the integrity of our grains.
		The lack of fiber in the Western diet (that's our diet) was causing gastrointestinal problems that many countries and continents had not seen: diverticulitis, diverticulosis, constipation, increase in colon cancers, etc.
		You cannot eat too much fiber.

5.00000 points

QUESTION 15

Whey protein is a protein in milk that is most efficient in building muscle.

True

False

5.00000 points

QUESTION 16

Quinoa has been around for thousands of years, it is gluten free and a complete protein.

True

False

5.00000 points

QUESTION 17

Most of us donât get enough Vitamin D since our sun exposure is limited in the northern states. Vitamin D is made in our body with the help of the ultraviolet rays from the sun being absorbed by the skin. Vitamin D is vital for our immune system, skeletal structure hormone balance, and other bodily functions.

In answering this question, the other way we can get Vitamin D is primarily by eating fruits.

True

False

5.00000 points

QUESTION 18

The hypothalamus is our brain's appetite control center.

True

False

5.00000 points

QUESTION 19

The following explains information about antioxidants but one, which one is incorrect?

		We can't stop aging or get rid of the sun or live in a perfectly clean world but we can provide our body antioxidants that will fight free radicals.
		We know from our readings antioxidants are vitamin K and the minerals biotin and selenium.
		The foods with antioxidants are: all berries are great (strawberries, blackberries, blueberries, etc.), green leafy vegetables, carrots, tomatoes, dark chocolate, nuts, kidney beans and all beans, all herbs and foods mother nature provides us.
		The most effective compounds that can fight off free radicals are antioxidants, just as the name implies they counteract oxidation, the harmful reaction that takes place.

5.00000 points

QUESTION 20

It's best to drink beverages without calories. The calories from food leave us more satisfied than fluids and it's much easier to get additional unwanted calories from sodas, juices and lattes.

True False

5.00000 points

Some of you will have seen Starship Troopers, a moviebased upon a novel by Robert Heinlein. The film deviates from thebook in some ways, for example the book describes a visit to aplanet to resupply the dropships used in combat operations by theM.I. (mobile infantry). Heinlein describes this visit in the book;a portion of the novel is reproduced on the followingpage.

The followig passage contains two concepts we havediscussed in class in relation to the effects of mutation onpopulations, one positive and one negative. Describe the twomutation related concepts Heinlein discusses. You must describethese concepts as a biologist - you must use the technical terms wehave used in class properly and explain the positive and negativeeffect of mutation on the evolution and health of apopulation.

(a) What is the positive effect of mutation as describedby Heinlein?

(I.E., what does Heinlein describe as a benefit ofhaving more mutations)

(b) What is the negative effect of mutation as describedby Heinlein?

(I.E., what does Heinlein describe as a problem ofhaving more mutations)

I never have learned the co-ordinates of Sanctuary,nor the name or catalogue number of the star it orbits - becausewhat you donât know, you canât spill; the location isultra-top-secret, known only to shipâs captains, piloting officers,and such ... and I understand, with each of them under orders andhypnotic compulsion to suicide if necessary to avoid capture. So Idonât want to know. With the possibility that Luna Base might betaken and Terra herself occupied, the Federation kept as much ofits beef as possible as Sanctuary, so that a disaster back homewould not necessarily mean capitulation.

But I can tell you what sort of a planet itis. Like Earth, but retarded.

Literally retarded, like a kid who takes tenyears to learn to wave bye-bye and never does manage to masterpatty cake. It is a planet as near Earth as two planets can be,same age according to the planetologists and its star is the sameage as the Sun and the same type, so say the astrophysicists. Ithas plenty of flora and fauna, the same atmosphere as Earth, nearenough, and much the same weather; it even has a good-sized moonand Earthâs exceptional tides.

With all these advantages it barely got awayfrom the starting gate. You see, itâs short on mutations; it doesnot enjoy Earths high level of natural radiation.

Its typical and most highly developed plantlife is a very primitive giant fern; its top animal life is aproto-insect which hasnât even developed colonies. I am notspeaking of transplanted Terran flora and fauna - our stuff movesin and brushes the native stuff aside.

With its evolutionary progress held down toalmost to zero by lack of radiation and a consequent mostunhealthily low mutation rate, native life forms of Sanctuary justhavenât had a decent chance to evolve and arenât fit to compete.Their gene patterns remain fixed for a relatively long time; theyarenât adaptable - like being forced to play the same bridge handover and over again, for eons, with no hope of getting a betterone.

As long as they just competed with eachother, this didnât matter too much - morons among morons, so tospeak. But when types that had evolved on a planet enjoying highradiation and fierce competition were introduced, the native stuffwas outclassed.

Now all the above is perfectly obvious fromhigh school biology ... but the high forehead from the researchstation there who was telling me about this brought up a point Iwould have never thought of.

What about the human beings who havecolonized Sanctuary?

Not transients like me, but the colonists wholive there, many of whom were born there, and whose descendantswill live there, even unto the umpteenth generation - what aboutthose descendants? It doesnât do a person any harm not to beradiated; in fact itâs a bit safer - leukemia and some types ofcancer are almost unknown there. Besides that, the economicsituation is at present all in their favor; when they plant a fieldof (Terran) wheat;, they donât even have to clear out the weeds.Terran wheat displaces anything native.

But the descendants of those colonists wonâtevolve. Not much, anyhow. This chap told me that they could improvea little through mutation from other causes, from new blood addedby immigration, and from natural selection among the gene patternsthey already own - but that is all very minor compared with theevolutionary rate on Terra and on any usual planet. So whathappens? Do they stay frozen at their present levels while the restof the human race moves on past them, until they are livingfossils, as out of place as a pithecanthropus in a spaceship?

Or will they worry about the fate of theirdescendants and dose themselves regularly with X-rays or maybe setof lots of dirty-type nuclear explosions each year to build up afallout reservoir in their atmosphere? (Accepting, of course, theimmediate dangers of radiation to themselves in order to provide aproper genetic heritage of mutation for the benefit of theirdescendants.)

This bloke predicted that they would not doanything. He claims that the human is too individualistic, tooself-centered, to worry that much about future generations. He saysthat the genetic impoverishment of distant generations through thelack of radiation is something most people are simply incapable ofworrying about. And of course it is a far-distant threat; evolutionworks so slowly, even on Terra, that the development of a newspecies is a matter of many, many thousands of years.

I donât know. Shucks, I donât know what Imyself will do more than half the time; how can I predict what acolony of strangers will do? But Iâm sure of this: Sanctuary isgoing to be fully settled, either by us or by the bugs. Or bysomebody. It is a potential utopia, and, with desirable real estateso scarce in this end of the Galaxy, it will not be left in thepossession of primitive life forms that failed to make thegrade.

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