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Complete Dominance________

Genomic Imprinting_________

Incomplete Dominance________

Co-dominance __________

Polygenic trait___________

Lethal allele______________

Pleiotropy_____________

Penetrance___________

Sex-limited trait_________

Sex-influenced trait________

Anticipation ____________

Expressivity ____________

A. Heterozygotes have phenotypes intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes.

B. The heterozygote simultaneously expresses the phenotypes of both homozygotes.

C. Causes death at an early stage of development so that some genotypes do not appear among the progeny.

D. The percentage of individuals having a particular phenotype that exhibit the expected phenotype.

E. The phenotype of the heterozygote is the same as the phenotype of one of the homozygotes.

F. A trait determined by an autosomal gene that is more easily expressed in one sex

G. A trait determined by an autosomal gene that is expressed in only one sex

H. A trait determined by genes at many loci

I. The expression of a trait is affected by the sex of the parent that transmits the gene to the offspring

J. The trait appears earlier or more severely in succeeding generations

K. Degree to which a trait is expressed

L. A gene affects more than one phenotype

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28 Sep 2019
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Related questions

These all relate to exceptions to the inheritance patterns encountered by Mendel.​

Why do multiple and lethal alleles often result in modifications of the classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios?

Select the four correct statements.

-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios.
-In the case of codominance, heterozygotes produce gene products from both alleles of a gene. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by codominance.
-In the case of incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the heterozygote is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of homozygous individuals. Classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios are modified by incomplete dominance.
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions and a diploid organism has two homologous gene loci that may be occupied by different alleles of the same gene. This can result in many different phenotypes for traits, which may not follow typical Mendelian ratios.
-When an essential gene is mutated, it can result in a lethal phenotype. This results in a modification of classic Mendelian ratios.
-The phenotype of the heterozygous genotype is distinct from and often intermediate to the phenotypes of the homozygous genotypes. The joint expression of both alleles in a heterozygote is called codominance. There are no classic Mendelian monohybrid and dihybrid ratios.
-Genes exist in a large number of allelic versions, but in a diploid organism, only one allele of the gene can occupy one homologous gene loci. Classic Mendelian inheritance cannot explain this phenomenon.
-Each gene produces a unique gene product. The effect of one allele in a heterozygote completely masks the effect of the other. Classic Mendelian genetics cannot explain this phenomenon.

QUESTION 1

Jim is blood type A, his brother John is type O and his sister Jane is type AB. What are the genotypes of their parents?
A.
IAi and IBi
B.
IAIA and IBIB
C.
IAi and IBIB
D.
IAIB and ii
E.
IAIA and IBi

QUESTION 2

Which of the following is true for alleles that show incomplete dominance?
A.
Heterozygotes have a genotype like the dominant allele.
B.
Homozygotes have a genotype like the recessive allele.
C.
Heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the dominant and recessive alleles.
D.
Homozygotes have the same phenotype as the heterozygotes.
QUESTION 3

Which principle of inheritance concluded that when games are formed in meiosis, the two alleles of each gene separate from one another, and each gamete receives only one allele?
A.
independent assortment
B.
heterozygosity
C.
segregation
D.
dominance
QUESTION 4

Which term best describes a condition in which alleles at one locus can alter the expression of alleles at another locus?
A.
polygenic inheritance
B.
codominance
C.
multiple alleles
D.
pleiotropy
E.
epistasis
QUESTION 5

A single unit of genetic information located on a chromosome defines:
A.
a trait
B.
an allele
C.
a chromosome
D.
a locus
E.
a gene
QUESTION 6

The physical expression (appearance or function) of an organism's genes defines:
A.
genotype
B.
a single characteristic
C.
physiology
D.
mutation
E.
phenotype
QUESTION 7

Palomino horses (golden color with a blond mane) are an incompletely dominant trait produced by the combination of the chestnut color allele and the cream color allele. If you wanted to produce as many palominos as possible, which mating strategy below would be the best choice?
A.
Chestnut x Cream
B.
Palomino x Cream
C.
Palomino x Chestnut
D.
Palomino x Palomino
QUESTION 8

Which term best describes the effect of a single gene on multiple aspects of the phenotype?
A.
epistasis
B.
pleiotropy
C.
multiple alleles
D.
codominance
E.
polygenic inheritance
QUESTION 9

Which term best describes the separate expression of both alleles for a single trait in the same cell?
A.
multiple alleles
B.
codominance
C.
pleiotropy
D.
epistasis
E.
polygenic inheritance
QUESTION 10

One form of a gene found on a single chromosome defines:
A.
an allele
B.
a locus
C.
a chromosome
D.
a trait
E.
a gene
QUESTION 11

A chocolate lab (whose mother was a yellow lab) is mated with a black lab whose genotype is BbEe. What fraction of the offspring would be expected to be yellow labs?
A.
1/4
B.
none
C.
1/2
D.
3/16
E.
1/8
QUESTION 12

What type of allele is always expressed regardless of whether the individual is homozygous or heterozygous for it?
A.
Both the dominant and recessive alleles
B.
Recessive allele
C.
Allosteric allele
D.
Lethal allele
E.
Dominant allele
QUESTION 13

Given the parents AABBGgHhrr × AabbGgHhRr, assume simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to have the genotype AaBbggHHrr?
A.
1/256
B.
1/64
C.
1/16
D.
1/32
E.
1/128
QUESTION 14

___________________ is defined as having two of the same type of allele for a particular trait.
A.
Homozygous
B.
Dominance
C.
Incomplete dominance
D.
Heterozygous
E.
Genotype

QUESTION 15

The physical position of an allele on a single chromosome defines:
A.
an allele
B.
a chromosome
C.
a gene
D.
a locus
E.
a trait
QUESTION 16

Which term best describes two or more genes affecting the phenotype in an additive fashion?
A.
codominance
B.
polygenic inheritance
C.
multiple alleles
D.
pleiotropy
E.
epistasis

Differentiate amongcomplete dominance, incomplete dominance andco-dominance.

3. Understand an allelicseries -How many possible alleles are there for any given gene? Isthere only one recessive allele for a gene? Is there only onedominant allele for a gene? Is an allele always recessive ordominant with respect to other alleles of the gene?

4. What is a lethalallele? Are lethal alleles usually dominant or recessive? Are thereany exceptions? (Hint: Huntington disease in humans). How do wemaintain stocks with lethal alleles?

5. How can you tell if anallele is lethal? If one of the parents has a lethal allele, wouldall the possible genotypes be present in the progeny? What wouldhappen to the phenotypic ratios of the progeny?

6. What ispleiotropy?

7. How can you tell if atrait is determined by more than one gene? What ratios ofphenotypes in the F2 generation would you expect if a trait isdetermined by a single gene?

8. What is epistasis? Howcan the genotype at a locus affect the phenotype determined by thegenotype at another locus? What are complementary gene action,duplicate gene action, dominant suppression, dominant epistasis,and recessive epistasis?

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