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Do you think a mating between close relatives would be more likely to result in inbreeding depression (reduced fitness of the offspring) after a long history (~ thousands of generations) of inbreeding or a long history of outbreeding? (10 pts) Why? (30 pts)

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Nestor Rutherford
Nestor RutherfordLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

There are two Alleles, A1 and A1. Suppose that in generation 1, the frequency of allele A2 is 0.3 and the A2A2 homozygotes have a relative fitness of 0.25. The other two genotypes have a relative fitness of 1. Consider when there is inbreeding, therefore do not assume random mating. Instead, assume that the value of Wright's F statistic is 0.5, as it would be under complete self- fertilization a) What are the frequencies in generation 2 after one generation of selection? b) What is the frequency of A2 in generation 2 after one generation of selection. With nonrandom mating use your answer from a to determine p'. c) provide a brief, intuitive explanation for why the frequency of A2 was reduced more with inbreeding?

Human pressures lead to changes in the life history of organisms, with potentially huge consequences for fitness.

a) Fish harvesting can favor fish that reproduce earlier even if they produce fewer offspring. Suppose that a fish that reprodcues at age 3 years produces 20 eggs that will survive to adulthood, while one that reproduces at age 2 years produces only 5. If fish die after reproducing, which population will grow faster? One way to do this is to figure out which population would be larger after 6 years, which is two generations for those that reproduce every 3 years, and three generations for those that reproduce every 2 years.

b) Suppose half of the fish are harvested between ages 2 and 3 years. Which age of reproduction is now favored? what other effects do you think this would hvae on the population?

c) Compare this scenario to the effects of giving up migration. What information would you need to compute whether birds that spend the winter in cities will do better than those that continue to migrate?

Please do not answer unless you plan on answering all parts of the question. Thank you very much. I really appreciate your help.

1a. (2 pts) Pandas use their thumb to strip off bamboo leaves, a main staple of their diet. A panda would be much better off with a human thumb, which is much more versatile than the panda’s. Why then does the panda have an inferior thumb?

b. (2 pts) Why do some species of blind cave-dwelling fish have eyes? A million years into the future, do you expect these blind cave fish still have eyes? Why or why not?

c. (2 pts) In some fictional breeds of dog, tail length is correlated with eye color (long tailed animals typically have brown eyes; short tailed one have black eyes). I notice in feral populations of these dogs and individuals tend to mate assortatively on the basis tail length. If I examine the genetic underpinnings of eye color, should I expect to find this variation to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

d. (2 pts) Why is blending inheritance antithetical to the theory of natural selection?

e. (2 pts) Mendelian traits are discrete, discontinuous, but most of the variation – think, human height – we see in nature is continuous. How is it possible to reconcile these two observations?

f. (3 pts) In most cases in which the genetic basis of industrial melanism has been analyzed, the melanic colour pattern has been found to be due to a single dominant allele. In one study of a polluted area around Birmingham, UK, Kettlewell observed a frequency of 87% melanic Biston betularia. Assume that the population is now in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and estimate the frequency of the dominant allele leading to melanism in this population, and the proportion of melanics that are heterozygous.

g. (2 pts) As populations crash in response to hunting and environmental degradation, endangered species are in danger of inbreeding. Explain why this is a problem.

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