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Explain the series of events that occur when there is tissue damage accompanied by the presence of bacteria.
Explain the overall signal transduction that occurs when a cell in the innate system encounters a pathogen.

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Elin Hessel
Elin HesselLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Genetic Recombination in Bacteria by Transduction For each of the following statements about bacterial genetic recombination by phage transduction, answer: "True" or "False".

1) In generalized transduction, the transducing phage carries a random piece of DNA from a donor host cell.

2) A phage that infects several species of bacteria might be able to transfer DNA from one to another.

3) A specialized transducing phage transfers specific host DNA sequences along with the phage DNA.

4) In recombination by transduction, the bacterial cell that donates the DNA is killed by a virus.

5) A phage is a bacterium that infects and takes over human cells.

There are basically three different types of pathogen invasion “strategies” – extracellular, intracellular in non-phagocytes like epithelial cells, and intracellular in circulating phagocytes like Macrophages. That is, some bacteria try to remain outside of the host cells, while other bacteria and viruses get inside different types of host cells and survive there.

A. For EXTRACELLULAR pathogens, describe advantages and disadvantages of this strategy. How does our immune system detect and eliminate such pathogens? Explain two virulence factors that this sort of pathogen can use to survive in its chosen environment.

B. For pathogens that are INTRACELLULAR IN MACROPHAGES, explain how they gain access to macrophages. Describe advantages and disadvantages of this strategy. How does our immune system detect and eliminate such pathogens? Explain two virulence factors that this sort of pathogen can use to survive in its chosen environment.

C. For pathogens that are INTRACELLULAR IN EPITHELIAL CELLS, explain how they enter the epithelial cells. Describe advantages and disadvantages of this strategy. How does our immune system detect and eliminate such pathogens? Explain two virulence factors that this sort of pathogen can use to survive in its chosen environment.

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