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11. What are the functions of the 5’ cap? How is it added on the RNA?

12.Explain how a poly-A tail is produced; (CPSF and CstF, Poly APolymerase, Poly A Binding Protein (PABP)).

13.What are the two hypotheses for eukaryotic transcription termination?

14.How does splicing of pre-mRNA occur?

15.Compare and contrast splicing of group I introns, group II introns and spliceosome-mediated splicing of mRNA.

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Irving Heathcote
Irving HeathcoteLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1. Pre-messenger RNA processing

a. What are the major steps of pre-mRNA processing?

b. How is a cap added to the 5’-end of mRNAs? What is that cap? Can you explain some functions of the cap?

c. What processing happens at the 3’-end of eukaryotic mRNAs? What enzyme is responsible for this? Can you explain some functions of this processing?

d. What is RNA editing? Are you prepared to identify how a single site of editing could change the expression of an mRNA?

e. What are the catalytic sites within an intron? How are they recognized by the spliceosome (you do not have to memorize exact interactions, just understand generally how this occurs)?

f. What is the mechanism of catalysis carried out by the spliceosome? How is this similar to Group I and Group II introns?

g. Are you prepared to answer questions about how splicing defects may result in non-functional protein products?

h. What is alternative splicing and how can it increase the size of the proteome?

1)How many fragments of DNA will be produced, if you digest pBR322with the restriction enzyme EcoR1?

2) (more than one answer) A mature eukaryotic mRNA containsthe following:
a)Introns
b)Exons
c)Poly A tail
d)A methylated guanine cap
e)UTR our side start and stop codons

3) Which of the following statements are correct ?
a)An eukaryotic promoter contains TATA box
b)A protein molecule terminates with one acidic and one basicends
c) Several transcription factors are involved in initiating agene transcription
d) An RNA primer is needed for gene transcription
e) RNA polymerase || is responsible for eukaryotic genetranscription

Match the following:

1

Region which lies upstream of thetranslation start site contains the Shine Dalgarno sequence
2

Sequence added to the 3' end of thepre-mRNA which affects mRNA stability
3

Establishes the reading frame andspecifies the first amino acid of the protein chain
4

DNA sequence that the transcriptionapparatus recognizes and binds to initiate transcription
5

Expressed sequences of DNA that arenot removed during alternative splicing
6

Signals the end of translation andthe protein molecule
7

Group of three nucleotides that codefor an amino acid
8

Site begins the coding region of thegene and is located 25-30 nucleotides downstream of the TATAbox
9

Non-coding sequences of DNA thatintervene within coding regions of a gene

10 Ribosome binding site ineukaryotes; functions in the initiation of translation and mRNAstability
11

A sequence which lies downstream ofthe coding region of the gene; determines the location of the 3'cleavage site in the pre-mRNA molecule
12

Sequence of nucleotides at the 3' endof the mRNA that is not translated into protein; affects thetranslation and stability of the mRNA molecule
A.

5' untranslated region
B.

AAUAAA consensus sequence
C.

Promoter
D.

Transcription start site
E.

3' untranslated region
F.

Introns
G.

Initiation codon (AUG)
H.

Poly(A) tail
I.

5' cap
J.

Termination codon (UAA, UGA, UAG)
K.

Exons
L.

Sense codon

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