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Indicate the causes for the following errors that occur during DNA replication. (1.5 pts)

5.1 Small insertions ____________________

5.2 Tautomeric shifts ____________________

5.3 Small deletions ____________________

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Keith Leannon
Keith LeannonLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Multiple choice.

1.Origins of replication...

A. occur at many sites on bacterial and human chromosomes

B. contain one replication fork each where the daughter stands are being sythesized

C. initiate replication in a uni-directional manner

D. result in bubbles opened by helicases

E. occur at one site per chromosome

2.Telomerase...

A. is important for the replication of circular chromosomes

B. is important for the replication of linear chromosomes

C. carries a template in the form of a DNA molecule

D. sythesizes RNA primers

E. both the 1st and 2nd option are correct

3.What are topoisomerases?

A.Enzymes that lay down an RNA primer during DNA synthesis.

B.The ends of the chromosomes.

C. Proteins that unwind DNA.

D. A strain of mice.

4.Which enzyme produces the first piece of nucleic acid synthesized in DNA replication?

A. Primase

B. DNA polymerase

C.ORC

D. DNA ligase

5. Which of the following does not contribute to the mutagenesis of our DNA?

A. alterations to bases (nucleotides) that change their hydrogen bonding characteristics

B. passing on of mismatched DNA into daughter cells

C. inefficiency of MutS to recognize errors in base pairing

D. DNA polymerase slipping during synthesis and creating insertions or deletions

E. DNA polymerase erroneously synthesizing DNA in the reverse direction during S phase

Reversion studies were done by exposing m- mutants to three mutagens: 5-bromouracil (BU) (causes AT->GC or GC->AT transitions), hydroxylamine (HA) (causes GC->AT transitions), and an acridine dye (small insertions or deletions). The resulting frequencies of wild-type revertants were compared with the spontaneous frequencies in the table below:

Revertants per 108 nuclei

Mutant Spontaneous BU HA Acridine
a2 1.5 28.1 1.1 1.9
a4 1.2 1.8 1.9 40
a6 80 670 912 75
a8 5.0 5.0 5.1 5.1

Assume reversion takes place in the same gene originally mutated. What was the nature of the mutational event that gave rise to the mutants in the first place (i.e., the m+ -> m- event)? Be as specific as possible (e.g. if a transition then was it AT->GC or GC->AT or can’t be determined which direction) based on the data presented, and ignore the possibility of transposable element mutations.

a2__________________________

a4__________________________

a6__________________________

a8__________________________

Match each statement with one of the choices (A-E)

A.) Uracil N-glycosidase B.) AP repair C.) SOS repair D.)Nucleotide excision repair E.) Proof-reading

21.) Deficits in this system account for the UV-sensitivity ofaptients with Xeroderma pigmentosum.

22.) When this "repairs" DNA damage that reuslts from aparticular deamination, it creates an AP site which must besubsequntly repaired by the AP repair system

23.) This inducible, post-replication" repair system is errorprone because it allows DNA polymerase to "bypass" or read-throughthe replication blocks that occur wherever DNA damage precludes thepossibility of normal base-pairing.

24.) This repairs the damage that results from spontaneousdepurination of DNA

25.) In wild type E.coli, most of the replication errors thatresult from tautomeric shifts are repaired by this

I think 21 is D, 22 is A, and 24 is B, but I'm not completelysure. Please help!!

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