After transcriptons, pre-mRNA is modified into mature mRNA by adding ______________________________ and ______________________ and removing __________________ through splicing.
The Ribozyme ____________________ can splice pre-mRNA in several ways. This is called _________________________________________.
Newly synthesized pre-mRNA contains __________________ the code for proteins and __________________ that do not code for proteins.
Linked genes are located on the same chromosome. Do they follow the law of independent assortment? _______________. If A is linked with B, and a is linked with b, the most abundant gamete genotype should be ________________________ with some _________________________ recombinant genotypes created by crossing over.
After transcriptons, pre-mRNA is modified into mature mRNA by adding ______________________________ and ______________________ and removing __________________ through splicing.
The Ribozyme ____________________ can splice pre-mRNA in several ways. This is called _________________________________________.
Newly synthesized pre-mRNA contains __________________ the code for proteins and __________________ that do not code for proteins.
Linked genes are located on the same chromosome. Do they follow the law of independent assortment? _______________. If A is linked with B, and a is linked with b, the most abundant gamete genotype should be ________________________ with some _________________________ recombinant genotypes created by crossing over.
Related textbook solutions
Related questions
Which of these statements is incorrect?
Syntenic genes are located on the same chromosome. |
Independent assortment results in recombinant chromosomes. |
You can reliably predict the relative genetic distance fromgenesâ physical distance on a chromosome. |
Linked genes are always syntenic. |
What is the relative genetic distance between two linked genesif the recombination frequency is 0.49?
0.49 cM |
4.9 cM |
49 cM |
490 cM |
What statement best explains the distortion in Mendelian ratiosobserved by Bateson & Punnett in 1905? (Reminder: they found anoverrepresentation of F2 offspring showing both dominant orrecessive phenotypes, and an underrepresentation of offspringdisplaying one dominant and one recessive phenotype)
| Human error: they should have been more careful about theirexperimental setup. |
| Gene linkage: Genes for flower color and pollen shape arephysically close on the same chromosome, leading to a breakdown inthe independent assortment of the alleles for these traits. |
| Chromosome crossover: Homologous recombination of twochromatids during meiosis caused the alleles to shuffle, resultingin a breakdown of the independent assortment of the alleles forthose genes. |
Random variation: No two situations are alike. In finitepopulations, you are going to get some variation across a mean. |
When determining the relative genetic distance between twogenes, why is dihybrid back-cross preferable over traditionaldihybrid cross?
| 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio is easier to work with than 1:1:1:1ratio. |
| Genotypes of the offspring can be determined based on theirphenotype. |
If the genes are independently assorted, the dihybrid back-crosswould result in only 2 genotypes in the F1 generation. |
B and C |
Why do we map genes?
| To understand how genes interact with each other |
| Comparative genomics analysis |
| To determine the genotype of an organism |
| All of the above |
1. Characters that show a continuous range of variation, such as height and eye color, usually are controlled:
| a. | by a single gene with two alleles that are codominant. |
| b. | by many genes with an additive effect. |
| c. | by epistatic interactions between two genes. |
| d. | mainly by the environment, with only a small genetic component. |
2. In humans, red-green colorblindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive trait. In order for a woman to be red-green colorblind, which of the following statements must be true.
| a. | Her mother must be red-green colorblind. |
| b. | All of her brothers must be red-green colorblind. |
| c. | Her father must be red-green colorblind. |
| d. | All of the above statements must be true if a woman is red-green colorblind. |
3. The x-ray crystallography data collected by Rosalind Franklin suggested to Watson and Crick that the:
| a. | structure of DNA is a double helix. |
| b. | two strands of the DNA molecule are joined by hydrogen bonds between the bases. |
| c. | four bases within DNA pair in a specific way. |
| d. | two strands of the DNA molecule are joined by covalent bonds between the bases. |
4. In the genetic code, _________ one amino acid.
| a. | one nucleotide specifies |
| b. | two nucleotides specify |
| c. | three nucleotides specify |
| d. | four nucleotides specify |
5. During Meiosis I, a homologous pair of chromosomes may not separate, resulting in daughter cells that have extra chromosomes or are missing chromosomes. This can lead to genetic disorders, including Down Syndrome. This phenomenon is called:
| a. | independent assortment. |
| b. | nondisjunction. |
| c. | segregation. |
| d. | crossing over. |
6. You are a human geneticist studying the incidence of retinitis pigmentosa in the residents of Tristan de Cunha, a group of small islands in the middle of the southern Atlantic Ocean. The allele for retinitis pigmentosa, which causes a form of blindness, is inherited as an autosomal recessive. You have determined that the frequency of this allele (r) in the population is 0.4 (40%). Using the principles of the Hardy-Weinberg rule, you would estimate the frequency of individuals who are heterozygous for this allele (Rr) in the population to be:
| a. | 0.16 (16%) |
| b. | 0.24 (24%) |
| c. | 0.36 (36%) |
| d. | 0.48 (48%) |
7. Natural selection acts at the level of the:
| a. | phenotype. |
| b. | gene. |
| c. | population. |
| d. | nucleotide. |
8. You are working with pea plants, trying to recreate the experiments that Mendel performed. You are doing a dihybrid cross with a plant that is heterozygous for both seed shape and seed color, with the genotype RrYy. Which allelic combinations would you expect to find in the gametes produced by this plant?
| a. | This plant would produce only RY and ry gametes. |
| b. | This plant would produce only RrYy gametes. |
| c. | This plant would produce RY, Ry, rY, and ry gametes. |
| d. | You cannot determine which gametes this plant can produce without knowing the genotypes of its parents. |
9. Biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that in DNA there is a special relationship between the four bases that we now call Chargaff's rule. His observation was that, in an organism's genome the:
| a. | percentage of A nucleotides = the percentage of T nucleotides, and the percentage of C nucleotides = the percentage of G nucleotides. |
| b. | four bases all occur in an equal frequency (25%) within each organism. |
| c. | percentage of A nucleotides = the percentage of G nucleotides, and the percentage of C nucleotides = the percentage of T nucleotides. |
| d. | genetic material is composed of proteins, not DNA. |
10. During DNA replication:
| a. | each strand of the double helix acts as a template for the synthesis of a new strand. |
| b. | the enzyme DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the strand being synthesized. |
| c. | the bases A,C,G and T are required. |
| d. | All of the above are true of DNA replication. |
11. During translation, amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to make polypeptides. The formation of these peptide bonds is catalyzed by:
| a. | DNA. |
| b. | mRNA. |
| c. | tRNA. |
| d. | rRNA. |
12. If an allele (R) at a gene with two alleles shows complete dominance, individuals with the genotypes ______ will have the same phenotype.
| a. | RR and rr. |
| b. | RR and Rr |
| c. | Rr and rr |
| d. | Each of the three possible genotypes will have a different phenotype. |
