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1. If you see a DNA structure simply written as CATAGCCG, what exactly does this mean in terms of a double-stranded structure and the polarity of the two chains? Explain your answer. How many turns of the helical structure would this sequence represent?


2 E. coli DNA Polymerase I is a complex enzyme. Describe its different activities and explain their roles in DNA synthesis.


3 Describe how the lac operon is controlled.

4. Which of the following is true of RNA synthesis (transcription)?
a) RNA synthesis is always in the 5' ® 3' direction.
b) RNA polymerase needs a primer to initiate transcription.
c) In transcription, U is inserted opposite T.
d) New nucleotides are added on to the 2' OH of the ribose sugar.
e) The source of energy is hydrolysis of GTP

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Deanna Hettinger
Deanna HettingerLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events (from start to finish) in cellular fatty acid oxidation?

A. Fatty acid activationà carnitine shuttleà beta-oxidation

B. Beta-oxidationà carnitine shuttleà Fatty acid activation

C. Fatty acid activationà carnitine shuttleà beta-oxidation

D. Carnitine shuttleà Fatty acid activationà beta-oxidation

2. What reaction is catalyzed by lipoprotein lipase, or lipase?

A. Hydrolysis of TAGs into fatty acids and glycerol

B. Hydrolysis of TAGs into amino acids and glycerol

C. Hydrolysis of cholesterol in to fatty acid and water

D. Hydrolysis of cholesterol into acetyl-CoA

3. How do fatty acids of different carbon lengths cross into the mitochondrial matrix for oxidation?

A. Small FAs of 10 carbons or fewer can freely diffuse through the membrane

B. Large FAs are cleaved into two smaller units that are actively transported across the membrane

C. A membrane-bound transferase catalyzes the conversion of long-chain FAs and FA-carnitine esters, which are transported across the membrane via a specific carrier

D. The breakdown of large FAs starts outside the matrix, allowing for the smaller particles to pass easily through the membrane

4. How can any RNA nucleotide be easily distinguished from a DNA nucleotide?

A. RNA nucleotides have a unique phosphodiester bond linkage

B. RNA nucleotides have uracil nitrogenous bases

C. RNA nucleotides have an -OH on the 2’ carbon of the ribose

D. RNA nucleotides cannot be easily distinguished from DNA nucleotides

5. Which of the following statement is true concerning the sequence pTACGTAACGTA?

A. This is an RNA sequence

B. In order to have a more rigid structure in a double-stranded molecule, the sequence given would need more adenosine

C. If the complementary strand were present, the number of purines would be equal to the number of pyrimidines

D. The amount of purines is equal to the amount to pyrimidines

6. Complementary base pairing is considered which level of structure?

A. Secondary

B. Tertiary

C. Quaternary

D. Primary

7. Which of the following is/are required for the polymerization reaction catalyzed by DNA polymerase III?

I. RNA primer

II. DNA primer

III. RNA template

IV. DNA template

V. NTPs

VI. dNTPs

VII. Magnesium

VIII. Calcium

A. II, IV, V, and VII

B. II, IV, VI, and VII

C. I, IV, V, and VIII

D. I, IV, VI, and VII

8. DNA polymerase I, from E. coli, has three different catalytic sites. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

B. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

C. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

D. DNA-dependent DNA polymerase

9. Eukaryotes solve the problem of replicating the ends of their linear chromosomes by:

A. Using a protein as primer

B. Enzyme activity that uses an RNA template and reverse transcription in a series of repeat cycles

C. All of the listed solution

D. Terminal redundancy whereby each end of the chromosome is duplicated allowing recombination

Please answer all

Why does a template-dependent DNA polymerase require a primer to initiate DNA synthesis?

DNA polymerase require 5' phosphate to add a new nucleotide

DNA polymerase require 3' hydroxyl group to add a new nucleotide

DNA polymerase require energy by hydrolizing the primers

Which of the following enzymes is template independent?

Reverse transcriptase

Klenow fragment

DNA polymerase

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

RNA polymerase

The natural function of a DNA ligase enzyme is:

Joining together DNA sequences with compatible cohesive ends from two different organisms to yield a recombinant DNA molecule

Sealing single stranded nicks in double stranded DNA molecules

Joining together two blunt ended fragments of DNA within a cell

Joining together two single stranded DNA molecules

The natural function of 3' -> 5' exonuclease activity of a DNA polymerase is to:

Remove the 5' end of the DNA strand that is being copied

Remove damaged nucleotide from the template strand

Remove nucleotides from the end of DNA to generate blunt ends

Remove incorrect nucleotides from the newly synthesized DNA

Which technique is used to resolve the different sizes of DNA fragments?

Gene cloning

PCR

DNA sequencing

Gel electrophoresis

Which of the following vectors does not contain bacterial origin of replication (oriC)?

plasmid

cosmid

bacterial artificial chromosome

lambda vector

Which process of bacteriophage is not used for gene cloning?

Concatemer formation

Lytic cycle

Lysogenic cycle

viral packaging

What vector would be best suited for creating a contig of bovine (cattle) chromosome 10?

lambda vector

Cosmid vector

P1 vector

Plasmid

E. coli takes up plasmid DNA by which of the following methods?

Transduction

Transformation

Conjugation

Transfection

The following times and temperatures are an example of the steps for PCR. You can use the Figure to help you answer the following questions.

Why is the first step is carried out at 94°C?

To degrade the template

To denature the template

To activate the polymerase

To facilitate the primer binding

What happens in the reaction when the temperature shifts to 55°C during cycling?

the DNA polymerase will carry out DNA synthesis by extending the annealed primers

the DNA polymerase will finish DNA synthesis

the primers anneal to the single-stranded regions of the DNA

the primers anneal to the double-stranded regions of the DNA

During cycling, what occurs when the temperature is at 72°C?

the primers anneal to the double-stranded regions of the DNA

the DNA polymerase will carry out DNA synthesis by extending the annealed primers

the primers anneal to the single-stranded regions of the DNA

the DNA polymerase will finish DNA synthesis

You designed a set of primers to amplify 1 kb DNA with polymerase chain reaction. By which cycle of polymerase chain reaction, we would expect to see the first double stranded DNA with expected size?

The end of cycle 1

The end of cycle 2

The end of cycle3

The end of cycle 4

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