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taupepanda61Lv1

28 Sep 2019

There are examples of species distributed on oceanic islands that have lost their dispersal mechanism. What is an example of one which has become extinct in the past 400 years. Explain whether or not this loss of dispersal ability is an example of natural selection NOT occurring.

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Jean KeelingLv2

28 Sep 2019

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Three scenarios are described below for the evolution of body size within a clade. You may assume that any processes not explicitly stated in a scenario neither depend on nor affect body size. If the scenario would produce a macroevolutionary trend in body size for this clade as a whole, state: (i) in which direction, (ii) whether the trend is active or passive, and (iii) whether the trend is uniform or episodic. If instead the scenario would not produce a trend, or if the outcome is unclear, state that and briefly explain why.

(a) Larger species were more likely to speciate. Larger species were less likely to go extinct.

(b) Larger species were more likely to speciate. Natural selection operating within species always favored smaller size.

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Which one of the following is an example of evolution? A) Many species of bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics. B) Many species of bacteria mutate when exposed to ultraviolet light. C) Many species of bacteria are killed by antibiotics. D) New species of bacteria arise as a result of exposure to antibiotics.

2.In DNA replication, A) a new non-coding strand is made for the gene. B) a new gene is made for the non-coding strand. C) both of these occur. D) none of these occur.

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4. Which one of the following fossils would show the greatest degree of internal structure of an organism? A) a cast of an extinct mollusk B) petrified wood C) a mold of an extinct trilobite D) the wing of a beetle found in amber

5. The major abiotic factors that determine the kind of community that develops in an area are A) temperature and rainfall. B) temperature and elevation. C) rainfall and closeness to the ocean. D) temperature and closeness to the North or South Pole.

6.Index fossils are A) common and widely distributed on Earth. B) specific fossils associated with particular locations on Earth. C) fossils that have been described and placed in museum collections. D) rare fossils of particular importance.

Are my answers to the following correct?

True, False, True, C and A,B,D

1. Species accumuation are used to estimate local, or alpha,diversity.

2. The shape of a species accumulation curve depends, in part,on the order in which sampes are processed.

3. Species accumulation curves are not needed when a completecensus is available.

4. Which of the following statements about beta deiversity isFALSE?

a. Beta diversity measures how quickly species compositionchanges across the landscape

b. There are a variety of different ways researchers havemeasured beta diversity

c. Relatively flat, homogeneous habitats tend to have higherbeta diversity

d. Beta diversity changes depending on the scale at which youmeasure it

5. Paul Ehrlich and E.O. Wilson offered a number of reasons toprotect biodiversity. What were they?

a. Earth cannot "survive" antoher mass extinction event

b. People have an aesthetic and moral obligation to protectEarth's species

c. Earth's biodiversity may provide us with important newresources in the future

d. Loss of biodiversity may reduce ecosystem services that wouldbe difficult to replace

False, False, True, True, Sahara dessert, Secular migration andSweetstakes route

6. Immigration rates decline as the size of an islandincrease.

7. Extinction rates decline as the number of species on anisland increases.

8. Extinction rates increase as the size of an islanddecreases.

9. All else being equal, turnover rates are higher on smallislands than on large ones.

10. When we think of islands, we often think of them as landmasses surrounded by water. Ecologists have suggested a muchbroader definition of an island. Which of the following would NOTbe viewed as an island by an ecologist?

a. Mountain top habitats

b. Urban parks

c. Caves

d. Sahara desert

11. Horses originated in North America and then migrates to Asiaand Europe. As they migrates, they evolved over many generationsinto the horse species we see today. This is an example of whichmigration type?

a. Diffusion

b. Jump dispersal

c. Secular migration

12. Horses went extinct in North American and did not returnuntil they were ferried in boats by European settlers (no landmammal can swim on its own across an ocean). From a horse'sperspective, the ocean barrier is best described as...?

a. Corridor

b. Filter

c. Sweepstakes route