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1-Fill in the blank
Protein transport between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm requires a nuclear localization signal (NLS) at the C-terminus. The NLS binds to a/n ______ that binds it to a cytoplasmic filament of a nuclear pore.

2-Briefly summarize the four different levels of eukaryotic gene regulation

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Beverley Smith
Beverley SmithLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

2. Before nuclear pore complexes were well understood, it wasunclear whether nuclear proteins diffused passively into thenucleus and accumulated there by binding to residents of thenucleus such as chromosomes, or were actively transported andaccumulated regardless of their affinity for nuclearcomponents.
A classic experiment that addressed this problem used several formsof radioactive nucleoplasmin, which is a large pentameric proteininvolved in chromatin assembly. In this experiment, either theintact protein or the nucleoplasmin heads, tails, or heads with asingle tail were injected into the cytoplasm or into the nucleus offrog oocytes. All forms of nucleoplasmin, except heads, accumulatedin the nucleus when injected in the cytoplasm, and all forms wereretained in the nucleus when injected there.
A. What portion of the nucleoplasmin molecule is responsible forlocalization inthe nucleus?
B. How do these experiments distinguish between active transport,in which a nuclear localization signal triggers transport by thenuclear pore complex, and passive diffusion, in which a bindingsite for a nuclear component allows accumulation in thenucleus?

50.When mammalian cells are irradiated with UV light, they stop dividing and arrest at a G checkpoint. Place the following events in the order in which they occur.

W. Production of p21

X. DNA damage signals through ATM

Y. Inactivation of cyclin-Cdk complex

Z. Activation of p53

a. W, X, Z, Y

b. X, Z, W, Y

c. Y, X, W, Z

d. Z, W, X, Y

33.Which of the following molecular motors is associated with intermediate filaments?

a.Kinesins

b.Dyneins

c.Myosins

d.Both (a) and (b)

e.There are no motors associated with intermediate filaments.

25.What is the role of the nuclear localization sequence in a nuclear protein?

a.It binds a transport protein that directs the complex to the nucleus.

b.It is a hydrophobic sequence that enables the protein to enter the nuclear membranes.

c.It aids protein unfolding in order for the protein to thread through nuclear pores.

d.It prevents the protein diffusing out of the nucleus via nuclear pores.

26.If you add an N-terminal signal sequence to a soluble cytoplasmic protein it will be directed to the ________ and it will ultimately end up ____________

a.To the endoplasmic reticulum; in the lysosome

b.To the endoplasmic reticulum; secreted from the cell

c.To the endoplasmic reticulum; staying in the Golgi

d.Cytoplasm; in the cytoplasm

Imagine that you have engineered a set of genes , each encoding a protein with a pair of conflicting signal sequences that specificy different compartments. If the genes were expressed in a cell, what signal would win and why?

1) A) Signals for import into ER would beat signals for import int the nucleus. What is the reasonable explanation?

1) The nuclear transport receptor is more efficient than the signal recognition particle (SRP)

2) The ER signal near the N-terminus will be exposed before the nuclear signal during protein synthesis and thus recognized by SRP before the nuclear signal is even available

3) the nuclear signal near the middle of the sequence will be exposed before the ER signal during protein synthesis and thus recognized by the nuclear transprot protein before the ER signal is active.

4) the SRP is more efficient than the nuclear transport receptor.

B) Signals for import into ER would beat signals for import into peroxisomes. What is the reasonable explanation?

1) The peroxisome transport proteins are more efficient than the signal recognition particle (SRP)

2) The ER signal near the N-terminus will be exposed before the peroxisome signal during protein synthesis and thus recognized by SRP before the peroxisome signal is even available

3) peroxisome proteins are transported by vesicles not by transport proteins.

4) the SRP is more efficient than the peroxisome transporter.

C) Signals into the mitochondria and retention into the ER? Which would win? Reasonable explanation as to why?

1)Mitochondria

2)ER

and

1) The mitochondrial transport protein is more efficient than the signal recognition particle (SRP)

2) The ER signal near the N-terminus will be exposed before the mitochondrial signal during protein synthesis and thus recognized by SRP before the mitochondrial signal is even available

3) the mitochondrial signal near the N-terminus of the sequence will be exposed before the ER retention during protein synthesis and thus recognized by the SRP before the ER signal is active

4) the signal for retention of a protein in the ER is at the C-terminus and not recognized until import into the ER begins

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