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red blood cells having normal size and normal hemoglobin concentration would most likely be found in which of the following anemias? 1- chronic hemolytic anemia 2- sickle cell trait 3-iron deficiency 4-Acute hemorrhage ????

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Nelly Stracke
Nelly StrackeLv2
28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Normal adult hemoglobin is called Hemoglobin A (Hb A). Ninety-eight percent of adult hemoglobin is Hb A and 2% is Hb A2. There are other forms of hemoglobin. For example, the developing fetus has a different kind of hemoglobin than most normal adults. Fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) is synthesized beginning at the third month of gestation and continues up through birth. After the neonate is born, hemoglobin F synthesis declines (because synthesis of the (chain declines) and hemoglobin A is synthesized. By the time the baby is six months old, 98% of its hemoglobin is Hemoglobin A. There is also a mutant form of hemoglobin called Hemoglobin S, which is found in persons with the disease sickle cell anemia. The disease sickle cell anemia is one of the major health problems facing the African-American community. The World Health Organization estimates that 250,000 babies world wide are born with sickle cell anemia. Currently there is no cure. A person afflicted with sickle cell anemia has inherited a defective gene from each parent. The defective gene is the one coding for the β-chain. The amino acid at position 6 on each β chain has been mutated from a glutamate to a valine. Normal α chains have a decreased affinity for the mutated β chains; thus assembly of the HbS tetramer is more difficult. Red blood cells containing HbS form a sickle shape because the Hb S molecules polymerize. Hb S molecules are more likely to polymerize when in the deoxygenated T form than in the oxygenated R form. The polymerized Hb deforms the normal discoid shape of the red blood cells, producing a sickle-shaped cell. The sickle shaped red blood cells become trapped in capillaries and organs, depriving the victim of adequate oxygen supply and causing chronic pain and organ damage.

Glover, R. E., Ivy, E. D., Orringer, E. P., Maeda, H., and Mason, R. (1999) Molecular Pharmacology 55, pp. 1006-1010.

Huang, J., Hadimani, S. B., Rupon, J. W., Ballas, S. K., Kim-Shapiro, D. B., and S. Bruce King (2002) Biochemistry 41, pp. 2466-2474.

S. Bruce King (2003) J.Clin. Invest., 111, pp. 171-172.

1) Why do you think Hb S has higher tendency to polymerize compared to Hb A?

1. Anemia is the general term for conditions that result in theblood not being able to carry enough oxygen to the tissues in thebody. This can be due to a person's inability to produce enoughnormal hemoglobin molecules and/or red blood cells.

Which type of anemia is due to a decrease in red blood cellproduction because of a vitamin B12 deficiency?

Select one:

a. sickle cell anemia

b. pernicious anemia

c. iron-deficiency anemia

2. Which is the most common blood type in the US?

Select one:

a. A

b. B

c. AB

d. O

3. Which of the following is found in plasma?

Select one or more:

a. vitamins

b. red blood cells

c. hormones

d. platelets

e. all of the above

4. Cells that can differentiate into any of the formed elements(red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) are celled Answercells

5. Eosinophils and monocytes are involved in allergicreactions.

Select one:

True

False

6. Hemoglobin is the molecule that floats around in blood andcarries oxygen molecules to the tissues in your body.

True or false: Oxygen binds to the iron in the hemoglobinmolecule.

Select one:

True

False

7. Hemolytic disease of the newborn can happen during a woman'sfirst pregnancy where the mother is Rh- and the fetus is Rh+.

Select one:

True

False

8. Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cell. It is the resultof an abnormal white blood cell multiplying uncontrollably. Why isit so letal? Because it takes over the red bone marrow and doesn'tallow normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets toform.

True or false:

Without enough red blood cells, you can't bring oxygen to thetissues in your body.

Without enough platelets, you won't be able to form clots, forinstance, to stop you from bleeding when you get a cut.

Without enough normal white blood cells, you cannot fightinfections properly.

Select one:

True

False

9. The neutrophil is the first white blood cell to arrive at thesite of an infection.

Select one:

True

False

10. Blood clots serve to stop a person from bleeding, forinstance, when they get a cut (a blood vessel is broken open). Whena blood clot forms in an unbroken blood vessel, it is called anembolus; when the embolus breaks free from the wall of that bloodvessel, it is called a thrombus.

Select one:

True

False

Sickle-cell anemia is an interesting genetic disease. Normal homozygous individuals (SS) have normal blood cells that are easily infected with the malarial parasite. Thus, many of these individuals become very ill from the parasite and many die. Individuals homozygous for the sickle-cell trait (ss) have red blood cells that readily collapse when deoxygenated. Although malaria cannot grow in these red blood cells, individuals often die because of the genetic defect. However, individuals with the heterozygous condition (Ss) have some sickling of red blood cells, but generally not enough to cause mortality. In addition, malaria cannot survive well within these "partially defective" red blood cells. Thus, heterozygotes tend to survive better than either of the homozygous conditions. Assuming an African-American child were born each day of the year, statistically, one of these children per year would have a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss). Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of these alleles, what is the percentage of the African-American population that are sickle-cell carriers? (Note that these carriers will turn out to be more resistant to malaria, should they decide to visit a malaria-infested part of the world; sometimes there are bizarre perks to being a carrier of a horrible disease!). Enter a percentage number (round up to whole number) without percent sign (%)

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