The extracellular matrix of cartilage contains high concentrations glycosaminoglycan-linked proteoglycans. How do you suppose these proteoglycans help to establish a hydrated gel-like environment around the cell?

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Collen VonLv2

28 Sep 2019

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1. How does the extracellular matrix affect a cell that it surrounds? (Select all that apply.)

		The cell's shape depends in part on the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix.
		The genes that the cell expresses depend in part on the types of proteins in the extracellular matrix.
		The size that the cell grows to depends in part on the polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix.
		The extracellular matrix has no effect on the cells that it surrounds.
		All of these choices are correct.

2. Dynamic instability is the rapid assembly and disassembly of:

		microfilaments.
		intermediate filaments.
		microtubules.

3. Which one of the following is a characteristic shared by integrins and cadherins?

		Both are peripheral membrane proteins.

		Both are present in adherens junctions, desmosomes, and hemidesmosomes.
		The cytoplasmic domains of both proteins are connected to the cytoskeleton.

4. Which of the following is a mesh-like attachment between cells formed by binding of transmembrane proteins of one cell to the same protein type on the adjacent cell, preventing substances from passing between cells?

		a.) adherens junction
		b.)desmosome

		c.) tight junction

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Suppose cells have a 1% cell solute concentration. They are surrounded by a selectively permeable membrane. Some of these cells are placed in each of the following environments. In terms of osmosis, predict what will happen to the solute and solvent concentrations (inside and outside the cells) in each of the following environments and explain why you think that. a) Environment contains less than 1% solute. b) Environment contains 1% solute. c) Environment contains more than 1% solute.

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In some proteins that contain two or more cysteine amino acids, the formation of disulfide bonds are necessary to achieve a folded and stable protein. The endoplasmic reticulum is an oxidative environment whereas the cytosol is a reducing environment. What organelles do animal cells use to host the synthesis of insulin and why? If you want to engineer an animal cell to produce insulin and secrete it to the extracellular matrix, what organelles are required to perform this task and obtain a functional secreted insulin?

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The extracellular matrix of cartilage contains high concentrations glycosaminoglycan-linked proteoglycans. How do you suppose these proteoglycans help to establish a hydrated gel-like environment around the cell?

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