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1) When studying living cells in a laboratory, researchers sometimes use drugs as a way to cause cells to remain in a particular phase of the cell cycle. For example, aphidicolin inhibits DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells and causes them to remain in the G1 phase because they cannot replicate their DNA. In what phase of the cell cycle—G1, S, G2, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, or telophase—would you expect somatic cells to stay if the following types of drug were added?

a) A drug that inhibits microtubule formation

b) A drug that allows microtubules to form but prevents them from shortening

c) A drug that inhibits cytokinesis

d) A drug that prevents chromosomal condensation

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Jamar Ferry
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28 Sep 2019

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Related questions

Part A:

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes cell reproduction is similar in that it requires some kind of signal to proceed, DNA replication, careful separation of the DNA into two equal portions, and division of the cytoplasm. How is cell reproduction different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Select one:

a. In a eukaryotic organism, the signals for cell division are usually not related to the environment but to the function of the entire organism.

b. Eukaryotic cells constantly divide whenever environmental conditions are adequate and the cells are large enough.

c. The linear chromosomes in prokaryotes are constantly being updated.

d. Prokaryotic cell division requires cytokinesis before mitosis because of their small size.

e. The sexual phase of most prokaryotes (bacteria) is essential to the rapid cell division required for infection.

Part B:

What does the name Cyclin Dependent Kinase stand for?

Select one:

a. A protein important to the cell cycle that is dependent on DNA synthesis.

b. An enzyme that cuts DNA so that chromosomes can segregate.

c. An enzyme that phosphorylates other proteins using ATP only when the protein Cyclin is bound to the enzyme.

d. An enzyme that rolls along microtubules dragging a vesicle.

e. An enzyme that connects chromosomes to the spindle fiber.

Part C:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Mitosis can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase

b. Anaphase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Prophase/Telophase

c. Metaphase/Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase

d. Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase/Anaphase

e. Anaphase/Telophase/Prophase/Prometaphase/Metaphase

Part D:

The Cell Cycle is divided into Mitosis, Cytokinesis, and Interphase. Interphase can be ordered into the following phases:

Select one:

a. S/G1/G2

b. G2/G1/S

c. G1/S/G2

d. G2/S/G1

e. G1/G2/S

22. Which of the following situations has thegreatest potential for observer bias in an experimentalstudy?
A. Dr. Jones is evaluating cancer patients fortheir responses to a new therapeutic drug. She knows which patientsare receiving the drug and which patients are receiving theplacebo.
B. Graduate student Jonas Brownis conducting a survey of weight loss for his professor. He askseach student in the study the same questions.
C. Ms McCormack is an outsideconsultant who is conducting a health and wellness survey for apharmaceutical company. She neither knows the name of the company,nor the name of the drug being tested during thesurvey.
D. Dr. Smith is analyzing biopsyexamples from rats who have been given either a placebo or anexperimental drug believed to reduce inflammation. Each sample isidentified by a code number; therefore, Dr. Smith cannot tell whichtreatment each rat received.
E. Ms Williamson is a researchtechnician who surveys the responses to a new cold remedy by astudy group. She only knows the e-mail address of each participantand asks them identical questions by computer.


23. Changing one amino acid within a protein couldchange what about a protein?
A. The primarystructure
B. The overall shape of theprotein
C. The function of theprotein
D. All of the above


24. A shortage of phosphorus in the soil wouldmake especially difficult for a plant to manufacture
A. DNA
B. Protein
C. Cellulose
D. Fatty acid


25. A biochemist measures the amount of DNA incells growing in the laboratory. The quantity of DNA in a cellwould be found to double
A. Between prophase and anaphaseof mitosis
B. Between the G1 and G2 phasesof the cell cycle
C. During the M phase of thecell cycle
D. Between prophase I andprophase II of meiosis

26. Of the following, which describes protistsmost inclusively?
A. Multicellulareukaryotes
B. protozoans
C. eukaryotes that are notplants, fungi or animals
D. Single celled organismsclosely related to bacteria
E. All of the above

27. Which of the following is not a function ofmitosis in humans?
A. Repair of wounds
B. growth
C. production of gametes fromdiploid cells
D. replacement of lost ordamaged cells

28. Sports physiologists at an Olympic trainingcenter want to monitor athletes to find at what point their musclesare functioning anaerobically. They can do this by monitoring thebuildup of:
A. ADP
B. Lactic acid
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Oxygen
E. protein

29. You look into a light microscope and view anunknown cell. What might you see that would tell you whether thecell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
A. A rigid cellwall
B. A nucleus
C. A plasmamembrane
D. Ribosomes


30. A sulfur atom has 6 electrons in its third(outermost) shell, which can hold 8 electrons. As a results it canform______ covalent bonds with other atoms.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 6
D. 8




ESSAY SECTION

Complete 8 essay questions: complete questions 1-6(required) as well as complete 2 of questions 7-10.

REQUIRED QUESTIONS: 1-6 must beanswered.

ALTERNATE QUESTIONS: 7-10. Select 2 of thesequestions to answer.

INSTRUCTIONS: Each question is worth 2.5 points.Total points for this section is 20 points.


**Do not enter your answers here.** Type youranswers into the Answer Sheet provided by yourinstructor.


1. You scoop up a water samplefrom a local pond nearby, because you are curious about thepossible microbes that might live there. After looking at severalslides that held drops of the sample, you noticed two differentkinds of cells: One kind was very small and had no separateinternal structures; the other kind was much larger, and itcontained several kinds of internal structures that were physicallydifferent from each other. Please name each cell and brieflydescribe their overall similarities and differences.


2. PKU(phenylketonuria) is an enzyme deficiency disease that onlydevelops in individuals who are homozygous recessive for that gene.An individual with PKU has parents that do not have this disease.What is the parents

___1. Nationally, the most common cause of Down Syndrome is
a. nondisjunction of Chromosome 21 during meiosis
b. translocation of Chromosome 21 onto another chromosome
c. inversion of a large section of Chromosome 21
d. deletion of the Down Syndrome gene
___2. In humans, sex is determined by
a. The presence or absence of the Y chromosome
b. The ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes
c. The temperature during fetal development
d. Which parent is stronger at the time of conception
___3. A translocation is
a. a chromosomal abnormality in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome
b. an abnormality in which the chromosomes are translocated out of the nucleus
c. a condition in which the chromosome has broken in two places and come back together with the middle segment backward
d. an abnormality in which there is an extra copy of one chromosome
___ 4. In snapdragons, a red-flowered plant crossed with a white-flowered plant produces all pink-flowered offspring. But crossing two pink-flowered plants produces red, pink, and white in a 1:2:1 ratio. This is a good example of
a. Incomplete dominance
b. Dominance of the red allele over the white allele
c. Lethal effects of the pink allele
d. Sex-linkage of the flower-color alleles
___ 5. If a person with type AB blood marries a person with Type O blood, what blood types are possible in their children? (Assume this trait is a single-gene trait, not complicated by interaction with other genes).
a. A, B, AB, or O
b. A or B only
c. AB or O only
d. AB only 2
___6. In what phase of meiosis are haploid nuclei first formed? a. Anaphase I b. Metaphase II c. Telophase II d. Metaphase I e. Telophase I
___7. What is the phenotype of a heterozygous tall pea plant? a. tall b. Tt c. TT d. tt e. dominant
___ 8. If genes A and B are far apart on a chromosome, and A and C are close together, which of the following observations is expected?
a. Crossing over will occur more often between A and C than between A and B
b. Crossing over will occur at equal frequencies between A and C, and between A and B
c. Crossing over will occur more often between A and B than between A and C
___9. Sometimes an organism’s genotype for one gene masks the effect of a different gene. This phenomenon is called
a. Dominance
b. Incomplete dominance
c. Co-dominance
d. Epistasis
e. Variable expressivity
___10. The dominant allele of a gene is
a. The one that is expressed most often in a population
b. The one that is expressed most often in any particular cross
c. The one that is expressed in an individual that has two different alleles
d. The one that is most healthy to have, that gives the greatest fitness
___11. In human cells, DNA replication occurs
a. In S phase of interphase
b. In G1 phase of interphase
c. In G2 phase of interphase
d. In prophase of mitosis
e. Whenever the cell needs to read the DNA to make proteins
___ 12. A process in which recipient cells take up genes from DNA molecules floating free in the surrounding medium is called
a. conjugation
b. specialized transduction
c. generalized transduction
d. transformation 3
___ 13. Most calico cats are female. However, a few rare males are observed. What is the genotype of a male calico cat?
a. X BX 0
b. X OY
c. X BY
d. X BYY
e. X BX OY
___ 14. A type of red-green color-blindness is a sex-linked (X-linked) recessive trait in humans. Can a woman have this type of color-blindness?
a. Yes, a woman could be color-blind if her mother and father were both heterozygous.
b. Yes, a woman could be color-blind but only if she has an abnormal number of sex chromosomes.
c. No, women can't show sex-linked traits because they lack a Y chromosome.
d. No, women can't show sex-linked traits because they have two X chromosomes.
e. Yes, a woman could be color-blind if her father was color-blind and her mother was a carrier (heterozygous).

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