Several years ago, consumption of large quantities of water to stay âhydratedâ became something of a trend. The concern for staying fit (and thin!) through strenuous workouts contributed to this idea, because exercise causes sweating which leads to water loss. Other benefits, such as appetite control âflushing out toxinsâ, and increased energy also were attributed to drinking large quantities of water (with little or no scientific evidence!). But drinking too much water can cause a very dangerous condition called âhyponatremiaâ. What is the definition of hyponatremia? Discuss normal kidney function and how it is affected by too much water. Why are large quantities of water not recommended even during strenuous exercise? (Hint: what else besides water is lost in sweat?)
2. Follow the path of sperm from production to ejaculation, including all accessory glands. Give the function of each structure or gland.
3. Screening for Downs Syndrome is recommended for fetuses of pregnant women over the age of 35. This age has been determined as the point where the benefit of the testing outweighs the potential risks of the testing itself. In fact, at any maternal age, the incidence of Downâs Syndrome is directly proportional to the age of the mother. Why?
4. The spermatic artery, which carries blood to the testes and the spermatic vein, which carries blood away from the testes, are so closely associated in the spermatic cord that they exbe hibit countercurrent properties; that is, venous blood is warmed as it leaves the scrotum and arterial blood is cooled as it enters the scrotum. Why is this necessary? (Hint: for the same reason, the scrotum is located outside of the body cavity).
Several years ago, consumption of large quantities of water to stay âhydratedâ became something of a trend. The concern for staying fit (and thin!) through strenuous workouts contributed to this idea, because exercise causes sweating which leads to water loss. Other benefits, such as appetite control âflushing out toxinsâ, and increased energy also were attributed to drinking large quantities of water (with little or no scientific evidence!). But drinking too much water can cause a very dangerous condition called âhyponatremiaâ. What is the definition of hyponatremia? Discuss normal kidney function and how it is affected by too much water. Why are large quantities of water not recommended even during strenuous exercise? (Hint: what else besides water is lost in sweat?)
2. Follow the path of sperm from production to ejaculation, including all accessory glands. Give the function of each structure or gland.
3. Screening for Downs Syndrome is recommended for fetuses of pregnant women over the age of 35. This age has been determined as the point where the benefit of the testing outweighs the potential risks of the testing itself. In fact, at any maternal age, the incidence of Downâs Syndrome is directly proportional to the age of the mother. Why?
4. The spermatic artery, which carries blood to the testes and the spermatic vein, which carries blood away from the testes, are so closely associated in the spermatic cord that they exbe hibit countercurrent properties; that is, venous blood is warmed as it leaves the scrotum and arterial blood is cooled as it enters the scrotum. Why is this necessary? (Hint: for the same reason, the scrotum is located outside of the body cavity).
