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pearelk290Lv1

28 Sep 2019

Bone is a very active tissue. Please explain the pathway of how the bone cells get nutrients and oxygen from the blood vessels using the following terms: Periosteum, endosteum, lacunae, lamellae, canaliculi, perforating canals, osteon, Haversian canal (central canal) and trabeculae

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Sixta KovacekLv2

28 Sep 2019

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1) a) Describe the structure of vertebrate skeletal muscle using ALL the following words: myofilament, muscle fiber, sarcoplasmicreticulum, T tubules, myofibrils, nerves, blood vessels, connective tissue. Do not simply define these terms, but describe how they are arranged to form muscle.

b) In long bones such as the femur and humerus, where is spongy bone found in relation to compact bone?

c) Describe 3 ways vertebrate skeletal muscle differs from smooth muscle in terms of its structure (functions do not count).

silverbeaver496

Question 1.1. (TCO 1) Moving from the elbowtoward the wrist is an example of moving in a _____ direction.(Points : 4)

distal
lateral
medial
proximal

Question 2.2. (TCO 1) The left and rightpleural cavities are part of this cavity. (Points : 4)

Abdominal
Pelvic
Dorsal
Thoracic

Question 3.3. (TCO 1) The _____ separatesanterior and posterior portions of the body. (Points : 4)

transverse plane
sagittal plane
parasagittal plane
frontal plane

Question 4.4. (TCO 1) A parasagittal plane_____. (Points : 4)

separates superior andinferior portions of the body
separates right and leftportions of the body
misses the midline,separating right and left portions of unequal size
separates anterior andposterior portions of the body

Question 5.5. (TCO 1) Which of the followingterms is not used to define the structure that separatesthe contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium? (Points :4)

Cell wall
Cell membrane
Plasma membrane
Plasmalemma

Question 6.6. (TCO 1) Approximately 60-80% ofa living cell is made up of _____. (Points : 4)

water
oxygen
lungs
potassium

Question 7.7. (TCO 2) Stratified cuboidalepithelia would be found _____. (Points : 4)

lining the urinarybladder
lining the ducts thatdrain sweat glands
lining kidneytubules
lining the stomach
at the surface of theskin

Question 8.8. (TCO 2) The layer of theepidermis that contains stem cells undergoing mitois is the _____.(Points : 4)

stratum corneum
stratum basale
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum

Question 9.9. (TCO 2) The tissue that alwayshas a free surface exposed to the internal or external environmentis the _____. (Points : 4)

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
neural tissue

Question 10.10. (TCO 2) The code to make aparticular protein is a gene located on a _____. (Points : 4)

tDNA molecule
RNA molecule
DNA molecule
tRNA molecule

Question 11.11. (TCO 2) The lipid bilyaer ofthe plasma membrane is constructed largely of _____ with smalleramounts of cholesterol and glycolipids. (Points : 4)

cholesterol
neutral fats
phospholipids
fat-soluble vitamins

Question 12.12. (TCO 2) A group of similarcells and their intercellular substances specialized to perform aspecific function is a(n) _____. (Points : 4)

cell
tissue
organ
atom

Question 13.13. (TCO 3) The _____ of sweat isproduced by the action of bacteria feeding on the sweat. (Points :4)

color
odor
salt
nitrates

Question 14.14. (TCO 3) An acquired skindisease resulting in irregular patches of skin of various sizes andcompletely lacking pigmentation is known as _____. (Points :4)

albinism
impetigo
vitiligo
ringworm

Question 15.15. (TCO 3) Squamous cellcarcinoma arises from this layer of the skin. (Points : 4)

Stratum spinosum
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum basale

Question 16.16. (TCO 3) The primary purpose ofsensible perspiration is _____. (Points : 4)

to heat internal bodyorgans
to heat the skin
for evaporativecooling
to get rid of bodywaste
to elevate bodytemperature

Question 17.17. (TCO 3) Sweating is anevaporation process that _____ the body. (Points : 4)

cools
heats
has no effect on
dries the body

Question 18.18. (TCO 3) When the _____ musclecontracts, it causes the hair to stand on its end. (Points :4)

vellus
terminal hair
rrrector pili
arrector pili

Question 19.19. (TCO 4) The formation of redand white blood cells by the red bone marrow is known as _____.(Points : 4)

hematopoiesis
periostesis
mastication
cartilage

Question 20.20. (TCO 4) Yellow bone marrowcontains a large percentage of _____. (Points : 4)

fat.
blood-formingclots.
elastic tissue.
Sharpey's fibers.

Question 21.21. (TCO4) The shaft of a longbone is called the _____. (Points : 4)

physis
epiphysis
diaphysis
metaphysis
lamella

Question 22.22. (TCO 4) The boundaries betweenskull bones and between immovable joints are _____. (Points :4)

foramina
fontanels
lacunae
sutures

Question 23.23. (TCO 4) The _____ is theexpanded prominence of the upper hip bone. (Points : 4)

sacrum
coccyx
pubis
iliac crest

Question 24.24. (TCO 4) The _____ is afibrovascular membrane that covers a bone. (Points : 4)

endosteum
yellow bone marrow
periosteum
compact bone marrow

Question 25.25. (TCO 5) The bones that formthe wrist are the _____. (Points : 4)

carpals
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges

Question 26.26. (TCO 5) The following isnot
a structure found on the ishium. (Points : 4)

Superior ramus
Inferior ramus
Lesser sciaticnotch
Superior body

Question 27.27. (TCO 5) The side walls of thevertebral foramen are formed by the _____. (Points : 4)

centrum of thevertebrae
spinous process
pedicles
laminae

Question 28.28. (TCO 5) The largest facialbones are the _____. (Points : 4)

palatine bones
nasal bones
lacrimal bones
maxillary bones

Question 29.29. (TCO 5) The bone in directcontact with the first metatarsal (big toe) is the _____. (Points :4)

medial cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
cuboid
calcaneus

Question 30.30. (TCO 5) The antebrachium iscomposed of which of the following two bones? (Points : 4)

The radius and theulna
The humerus and theclavicle
The scapula and theclavicle
The humerus and theradius

Question 31.31. (TCO 6) A joint united bydense fibrocartilaginous tissue that permits a slight degree ofmovement is a _____. (Points : 4)

suture
syndesmosis
symphysis
gomphosis

Question 32.32. (TCO 6) Articular cartilagefound at the ends of the long bones serve to _____. (Points :4)

attach tendons
produce red blood cells(hemopoiesis)
provide a smooth surfaceat the ends of synovial joints
form the synovialmembrane

Question 33.33. (TCO 6) The cruciate ligamentsof the knee _____. (Points : 4)

tend to run parallel toone another
also are calledcollateral ligaments
prevent hyperextension ofthe knee
assist in defining therange of motion of the leg

Question 34.34. (TCO 6) Menisci refer to_____. (Points : 4)

cavities lined withcartilage
small sacs containingsynovial fluid
semilunar cartilagepads
tendon sheaths

Question 35.35. (TCO 6) Synovial fluid ispresent in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of thefollowing statements is true about this fluid? (Points : 4)

It contains onlyenzymes.
It contains lacticacid.
It contains hyaluronicacid.
It contains hydrochloricacid.

amaranthworm158

1) The parasympathetic nervous system generally promotesdigestion. Innervation is via the vagus nerve. Ach binds tomuscarinic receptors. True or False?

2) Which of the following statements is correct?

a) The liver receives oxygenated blood from the hepatic arteryand deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein. Branches ofboth veins carry blood into liver sinusoids. Hepatocytes absorboxygen, most of the nutrients, and some toxins. Needed substancesare secreted back into the blood. Blood then drains into thecentral vein and into a hepatic vein.

b) The liver receives deoxygenated blood from the hepatic arteryand oxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein. Branches of bothveins carry blood into liver sinusoids. Hepatocytes absorb oxygen,most of the nutrients, and some toxins. Needed substances aresecreted back into the blood. Blood then drains into the centralvein and into a hepatic vein.

c) The liver receives oxygenated blood from the hepatic arteryand deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein. Branches ofboth veins carry blood into liver central vein. Hepatocytes absorboxygen, most of the nutrients, and some toxins. Needed substancesare secreted back into the blood. Blood then drains into thesinusoids and into a hepatic vein.

d) The liver receives oxygenated blood from the hepatic arteryand deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein. Branches ofboth veins carry blood into liver sinusoids. Kupffer cells absorboxygen, most of the nutrients, and some toxins. Needed substancesare secreted back into the blood. Blood then drains into thecentral vein and into a hepatic artery.

3) Regulation of secretion of saliva involves:

a) Parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation

b)Action of the inferior and superior salivatory nuclei in themedulla

c)Activity of the myenteric plexus

d)Activity of the submucosal plexus

4) Bile formed in the liver is transported to the gall bladderfor storage through which pathway? (Some steps may be omitted)

a)Bile duct, right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct,cystic duct

b)Common hepatic duct, right and left hepatic ducts, bile duct,cystic duct

c) Right and left hepatic ducts, bile ducts, common hepaticduct, cystic duct

d) Bile ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, right and lefthepatic ducts

5)Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a)Sodium ions are transported out of absorptive cells bybasolateral sodium pumps.

b) Negatively charged ions follow sodium or are moved out byactive transport.

c)Most water soluble vitamins are absorbed by activetransport.

d) Water absorption in the GI tract involves osmosis

6) Insulin is needed for carbohydrate metabolism because it

a)is required for the breakdown of complex carbohydrates

b)transports glucose in the bloodstream.

c)acts as a glucose receptor molecule on the cell surface.

d) is part of an active transport mechanism required for entryof glucose into cells

e)increases the insertion of a particular type of glucosetransport protein into the cell membrane

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Bone is a very active tissue. Please explain the pathway of how the bone cells get nutrients and oxygen from the blood vessels using the following terms: Periosteum, endosteum, lacunae, lamellae, canaliculi, perforating canals, osteon, Haversian canal (central canal) and trabeculae

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