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Discuss genomic differences between human males and females andconsequences these difference have.

Hint: Your essay should include a discussion of inheritance ofsex-linked genes, x-inactivation, and genomic imprinting. Giveexamples when appropriate.

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Jarrod Robel
Jarrod RobelLv2
29 Sep 2019

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Related questions

3. Consider a cross between white-eyed female flies and red-eyed male flies. Importantly, the white gene is X-linked. Write out the punnett square here. Be sure to define your allele symbols then indicate the probability (a ratio is fine) of observing any one of the following phenotypes:

a. Red-eyed females _________

b. Red-eyed males _________

c. White-eyed females ________

d. White-eyed males. __________

4. You want to build a double mutant (ab/ab) between two genes, A and B, that are 10 map units apart. You first cross a/a into b/b to create the dihybrid: a+/+b. Next, you do an F1 cross and search the F2 generation for the rare double mutant: ab/ab. What percent of the progeny (offspring) will have the double mutant phenotype in the F2 generation? Show your equation. 5. EXTRA CREDIT. It should be noted that white was not the first sex-linked mutation discovered. In the currant moth Abraxus, DONCASTER and RAYNOR (1906) described a trait called lacticolor segregating among wild females but not among males. How might one explain this?

Please explain, and no hand-written work please, please type answer

Sex-Linked Traits (traits located on the sex chromosomes—usually the X chromosome)

Follow the directions for the lab. Enter data you obtain for the following crosses and answer questions on this answer sheet. (NOTE: The traits used in this Module 3 Lab are sex-linked. Therefore, you CANNOT click the “ignore sex” button for these crosses. You need to see separate results for males and females to analyze data for sex-linked traits.)

Question: In this lab exercise, should you click the "ignore sex" button for the crosses?

1. a. Perform a monohybrid cross between a female fly with a tan body and a wild-type male fly. Show results for the F1 offspring. (NOTE: You will use these F1 flies in the next cross.)
ENTER DATA HERE:

Question: Are the phenotypes of the F1 offspring what you would have predicted for this cross: why or why not?

Question: Each F1 female received a tan allele from her mother and a wild allele from her father. Why do all of the F1 females show the wild-type phenotype?

Question: Compare the number and type (X or Y) of sex chromosomes found in female and male flies.

Question: Compare the number of alleles present on the X and Y chromosomes.

Question: How can you tell that tan body is a sex-linked trait?

Question: How can you tell whether tan body is located on the X chromosome or the Y chromosome?

Question: If tan body was located on the Y-chromosome, what would be the phenotype of all the male F1 offspring? Is this what you obtained for the cross above?

Question: If tan body was located on the Y-chromosome, could females even show the trait? (HINT: When analyzing the cross results, remember that Y-linked traits are passed down only from affected males to their sons. Females cannot display Y-linked traits since they do not have Y chromosomes. On the other hand, both males and females can inherit X-linked traits since they both have X chromosomes.)

PUNNETT SQUARE:

List the genotypes of the parent flies in this cross (HINT: You must use X and Y symbols):

List the gametes produced by each parent fly in this cross:

Show the Punnett Square for the above cross.

1) Ants are haplodiploid organisms. This means females are diploid (2n) and males are haploid (n). The gametes produced by both males and females are haploid (n). There is no homologous recombination in males during gamete formation. There is no sex chromosome. In an ant species, it is known that wings formation (F) and setae density (D) are each controlled by a different, simple-Mendelian locus/gene. Individuals which are homozygous recessive for both genes have no wings (f) and no setae (d). Previous experiments also indicated that both loci/genes are on the same chromosome.

a. Design a test cross to map the genetic distance of the genes, by writing the genotype of the tester and its mate. (2 pts) Genotype of tester: Genotype of tester’s mate:

b. In order for the test cross to produce offspring with non-parental phenotypes, the tester has to be of a specific sex. What sex must the tester be? Briefly explain your choice in your own words. (Hint: what is a test cross?) (2 pts) Sex of tester:

c. 100 offspring were produced from a particular test cross. The phenotypic ratio of these offspring is observed to be the following:

Normal wings and setae density40

Wings and setae both absent 47

Normal wings but no setae 4

Normal setae density but no wings 9

Calculate and describe in words the genetic distance between the two loci/genes of interest. Remember to include the unit of measurement (6 pts).

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